【正文】
ivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “l(fā)ogical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it.分析:斜體部分為which引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,作為the view的同位語(yǔ),說(shuō)明the view的內(nèi)容。u 另外關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞都可以連接名詞性從句。作用:u 關(guān)系代詞可以連接定語(yǔ)從句,該從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,用于修飾主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。參考譯文:人們對(duì)野生動(dòng)物管理的關(guān)注點(diǎn)之一是如何保護(hù)和改善它們的自然棲息地,以便這些棲息地能夠?yàn)橐吧鷦?dòng)物提供足以供其生存的食物和水。b) 動(dòng)物們有足夠的食物和水以供其生存。根據(jù)上面所講的,我們找到了“so that”這個(gè)連詞,那么它作為句子的“節(jié)點(diǎn)”,就把整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子分成了兩句話:1) One (of …)concerns( of … )is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat.2) animals have enough food and water to survive.這樣翻譯起來(lái),就不會(huì)覺(jué)得句子繁瑣無(wú)從下手了。 如今,世界相互間的聯(lián)系緊密到了這樣的程度,以至于局部事件的發(fā)生必定會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)有所影響。例:(One of the chief concerns of wildlife management) is (the protection and improvement of the natural habitat )so that animals have enough food and water to survive.例: The world is now linked (to such an extent)( that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International munity.)(22個(gè)單詞)1) 主干是:The world is now linked :如今,整個(gè)世界被連接在一起2) to (such )an extent :該短語(yǔ)的意思是“到了……程度”3) 到了什么樣的程度呢?由that引導(dǎo)出:a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International munity.注意在that引導(dǎo)的從句中仍然包含自己的主干:a local happening cannot take place :局部事件不可能發(fā)生4) without引出后面的條件:impacting on the International munity.直譯:a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International :不影響國(guó)際社會(huì)局部事件就不可能發(fā)生。(劃分原則:介詞前后為一個(gè)整體,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。(swimming 起形容詞作用)二是“節(jié)點(diǎn)詞”;作為句子結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)點(diǎn),尤其是在長(zhǎng)、難句中,節(jié)點(diǎn)詞可以幫我們相對(duì)容易地劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 Our ing made him happy. 我們的到來(lái)使他很高興。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 從山上看,這座城市美麗多了。(him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)) u 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 It39。(studying 后跟賓語(yǔ)) u 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征: u 如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的功能有兩種,即謂語(yǔ)功能和非謂語(yǔ)功能。而在翻譯單句、對(duì)每個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析的時(shí)候,我們則要敏銳地找出以下兩類詞。準(zhǔn)確地抽出句子的主干,并分析清句中的修飾語(yǔ),是在長(zhǎng)難句翻譯中化繁為簡(jiǎn)的關(guān)鍵。復(fù)合句是翻譯中的難點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗瑑蓚€(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句通常包含and, or, but, so, while,for等并列連詞。We should scorn difficulties strategically but pay full attention to them tactically.我們應(yīng)該在戰(zhàn)略上藐視困難,在戰(zhàn)術(shù)上重視困難。英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)單概括為六大成分:主+謂+賓 = 主干; 定、狀、補(bǔ)=修飾英語(yǔ)的句子分為:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。下面將主要講解長(zhǎng)難句子的翻譯方法。確定段落主題是準(zhǔn)確理解原文從而保證翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性的必要條件,此外借助對(duì)主題的把握,還可以對(duì)“生詞”以及多義詞進(jìn)行“合理”猜測(cè)。例2: Progress in munication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overe geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International munity.Globalization is not Just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: It may be either of them depending on our viewpoint.分析:Communication、transport 、international munity、 globalization、 worldwide、transnational、world 可以視作一類單詞。harvested39。例1:One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation。方法與做閱讀理解的技巧頗為相似:抓住關(guān)鍵詞,確定段落主題。翻譯的得分要義可以濃縮為兩點(diǎn):從整體著眼理解、從細(xì)節(jié)著手翻譯。在準(zhǔn)確的基礎(chǔ)上,我們?cè)龠M(jìn)一步選詞酌句以實(shí)現(xiàn)好的“表達(dá)”。注意英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)的差異,在翻譯的時(shí)候可以按照語(yǔ)言本身的習(xí)慣在不影響準(zhǔn)確性的前提下,進(jìn)行句式、結(jié)構(gòu)上的調(diào)整。所謂遵循原意,首先就得看明白原意,只有明白了作者的意思,才有遵循可言。把原文的意思翻譯準(zhǔn)確,是我們?cè)跓o(wú)論是漢譯英還是英譯漢的翻譯題目中得分的首要條件。其中又以準(zhǔn)確性為第一要義。. . . . .英語(yǔ)翻譯講義一、大綱要求及其解讀(一)《大綱》中對(duì)考生翻譯能力進(jìn)行考察的指導(dǎo)思想如下: (二)《大綱》對(duì)翻譯部分的具體要求如下: (三)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英譯漢評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)示例:Progress in munication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overe geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening/ cannot take place/ without impacting on the international munity.Globalization is not just about /increasing /the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: It may be either of them/ depending on our viewpoint.二、翻譯部分得分目標(biāo)及復(fù)習(xí)策略得分目標(biāo):復(fù)習(xí)的基本策略:每周兩組翻譯訓(xùn)練,可以使用歷年真題以及大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試的翻譯材料(六級(jí)是只翻譯其中的句子,建議大家在練習(xí)的時(shí)候嘗試翻譯一個(gè)段落或者全文);在訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中把注意力放在如何得到目標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)上。三、具體翻譯技巧及其真題解析翻譯有兩個(gè)要義:準(zhǔn)確性、表達(dá)性。我們也把翻譯訓(xùn)練的目標(biāo)分為對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè):一、準(zhǔn)確;二、通順。這就要求譯者必須謹(jǐn)慎地遵循作者的原意,在選詞、造句方面也要如實(shí)地表達(dá)出原文的思想。所為表達(dá)性,其目的旨在讓讀者對(duì)譯文更加容易理解和接受。結(jié)合翻譯的理論,我們知道正是這第一步的“明白”,才可以讓我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候做到“準(zhǔn)確”。因此在平時(shí)的翻譯練習(xí)中可以分為三步走:看懂原文、準(zhǔn)確翻譯、調(diào)整通順。(一)英譯漢1.英譯漢翻譯中“準(zhǔn)確性”的實(shí)現(xiàn)看懂原文,準(zhǔn)確理解,是進(jìn)行英譯漢的第一步。對(duì)于理解整個(gè)段落而言,關(guān)鍵詞通常是“名詞”,尤其是出現(xiàn)頻率高的某些個(gè)或某類名詞。 it also involves care of plants, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely. Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be 39。. by allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.通過(guò)高頻單詞,可以判斷該段落主題為:野生動(dòng)物(wildlife)及其管理(management)。通過(guò)這一類詞可以判斷出:文章主題是全球化問(wèn)題。做到從整體著眼理解之后、下一步就是從細(xì)節(jié)著手翻譯。第一步:劃清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂簡(jiǎn)單句指的是只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),句子各個(gè)成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)表示的句子。所謂并列句指的是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。We love peace but we are not afraid of war. 我們熱愛(ài)和平,但是并不懼怕戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。記?。涸趶?fù)合句中只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的“真”主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其它的一個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)在句中充當(dāng)這個(gè)“真”主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的某一成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。前面我們講過(guò),要想理解整個(gè)段落和逐句準(zhǔn)確翻譯,必須做到能夠敏銳地把握關(guān)鍵詞,在對(duì)整個(gè)段落的理解中,我們把握的是某個(gè)或某類高頻名詞。一是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;目的是通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確定主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)功能的動(dòng)詞稱作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,有“人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)”的變化;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞的分詞(現(xiàn)在doing/過(guò)去done)、動(dòng)名詞(doing)、不定式(to do)形式,在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等成分。 Studying English is my favorite. 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是我的愛(ài)好。 Working under such a condition is terrible. 在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. 在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語(yǔ)對(duì)他而言太難了。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 對(duì)不起讓你久等了。(Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式;注意seen與the city之間的邏輯關(guān)系) u 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來(lái)使用。(ing 起名詞作用) There are two big swimming pools here. 這兒有兩個(gè)大型游泳池。這些“節(jié)點(diǎn)”單詞包括:介詞:如on, in, with, at