【正文】 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，特別是新材料的出現(xiàn)，一些新結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)節(jié)閥門已投入使用，它們性能好、壽命長，可滿足生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的需要。綜上所述，在石化工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中調(diào)節(jié)閥門的泄漏是不容忽視的問題，它對生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、安全性以及對環(huán)境都會帶來重大的影響。5結(jié)束語如柔性石墨環(huán)填料的組合使用，比只用柔性石墨環(huán)填料的密封效果好。因此，壓蓋的軸向力必須相當(dāng)大，這就造成填料與閥桿之間摩擦轉(zhuǎn)矩增大、磨損增加、軟質(zhì)密封填料磨損快，因而須經(jīng)常擰緊壓蓋螺栓或更換填料，才能保證較好的密封效果。由于調(diào)節(jié)閥門填料函密封的泄漏，以及閥體連接部位密封的泄漏，是造成調(diào)節(jié)閥門外漏的關(guān)鍵所在，所以需要特別重視。4填料函泄漏對策前蘇聯(lián)的切爾諾貝利核電站因?yàn)橐粋€調(diào)節(jié)閥門的問題而釀成空前的災(zāi)難，不僅造成了重大的人員傷亡，所造成的直接和間接的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失及環(huán)境破壞也難以估量。如果是氣體介質(zhì)，則很容易在空氣中擴(kuò)散傳播，其污染半徑就會較大。介質(zhì)在密封填料處泄漏，原因?yàn)樘盍蠅荷w松動、密封填料不嚴(yán)密、填料品種或質(zhì)量不符合要求、填料老化或被閥桿磨損。填料分軟質(zhì)密封填料和成型填料兩種。填料箱置于閥體或閥蓋上，起容納填料的作用。而填料函泄漏又屬于外漏。在大多數(shù)情況下，外部泄漏所造成的后果，往往比內(nèi)部泄漏更加嚴(yán)重。下面就石油化工裝置中引起調(diào)節(jié)閥門填料函泄漏的原因以及防止和消除泄漏的對策、方法做重點(diǎn)探討。調(diào)節(jié)閥門是石油化工煉油裝置中不可缺少的部分，其使用的調(diào)節(jié)閥門種類多、數(shù)量大，化工生產(chǎn)中的介質(zhì)多是腐蝕性強(qiáng)、有毒或易燃易爆的，當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)閥門泄漏時，不僅會造成嚴(yán)重的原材料、能量和產(chǎn)品的浪費(fèi)，而且對環(huán)境也造成嚴(yán)重的影響，甚至引起嚴(yán)重的安全事故。關(guān)健詞：調(diào)節(jié)閥門；填料函泄漏；密封；對策1前言s nuclear power station because adjusts the valve the question to breed the unprecedented disaster, not only has caused the significant personnel casualty, creates direct and the indirect economic loss and the environment destroy also with difficulty estimates. The statistical data indicated that, in the production unit approximately 20% adjustment valve existence divulges the question, creates the direct economic loss approximately poses the total losses 5%0 in the petrified profession, take a set of 5000kt/a scale often the depressor as the example, in the ordinary circumstances has 5,000 about the adjustment valve, divulges the economic loss by 20% adjustment valve which creates and the pollution which creates to the environment indeed may not belittle, if looked from the entire petrified profession, the situation was more serious.4 packing boxes divulge the countermeasure because the adjustment valve packing box seals divulging, as well as valve body connection spot seal divulging, is creates adjusts the key which outside the valve leaks to be at, therefore needs specially to take. The traditional soft nature padding seal, is depends on the padding gland the thrust, causes it between the valve lever and the padding as well as the padding and the stuffing box sidewall, has the certain radial direction contact stress to achieve the seal. Therefore, the gland axial force must be quite big, this creates between the padding and the valve lever rubs the torque to increase, the attrition increases, the soft nature sealing pound wears quickly, thus must frequently screw tight the packing bolt or the replacement padding, can guarantee the better seal effect. Uses the appropriate padding seal and the padding seal bination, may enhance adjusts the reliability which the valve uses, lengthens the service life. If the flexible graphite link padding bination use, only uses the flexible graphite link padding the seal effect to be better than. At present in domestic uses the sole flexible graphite link padding the situation quite to be many。 Seal。 附 錄The packing box divulges reason analysis and countermeasure abstract: Reason the packing box divulges which through the analysis petrochemistry enterprise each kind of adjustment valve in, as well as the adjustment valve divulges the harm which brings to the environment and the production, proposed some solution countermeasures. Guan Jianci: Adjusts the valve。使我們對自己的專業(yè)有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識,清楚了自己在今后工作中的努力方向,熟悉了所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)知識,加深了解了自己在專業(yè)工作中一般工作方法,了解解決問題的一般常規(guī)程序,基本上具備了一定的分析和解決問題的能力,鍛煉了設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,繪圖的能力,以及建立了自己獨(dú)立思考。為期3個月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)終于結(jié)束了,在此要感謝老師的辛勤指導(dǎo)。 鉆床夾具的裝配圖及零件圖分別見附圖3及附圖4。目前采取的措施有兩個：一是提高毛坯精度，使最大切削深度降低，以降低切削力；二是在可能的情況下，適當(dāng)提高壓縮空氣的工作壓力（ M）以增加氣缸推力。本工序由于是粗加工，切削力較大，為了夾緊工件，勢必要增大氣缸直徑，而這將使整個夾具過于龐大。本夾具的主要定位元件為止口，而該定位元件的尺寸公差為，而孔徑尺寸為自由尺寸精度要求，可滿足加工要求。N= NF鉆削時 T= N切向方向所受力: F=取F=4416F F所以,鉆削時工件不會轉(zhuǎn)動,故本夾具可安全工作。K—斷續(xù)切削系數(shù), 則 F=KF=氣缸選用。 K—加工性質(zhì)系數(shù)。 切削力及夾緊力的計(jì)算刀具：高速鋼麻花鉆頭。為了提高加工效率及方便加工，決定鉆頭材料使用高速鋼，用于對12孔進(jìn)行加工。 夾具設(shè)計(jì) 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇由零件圖可知，12孔中，6—,2—M10，4—M10也為對稱分布，尺寸精度為自由尺寸精度要求。刀具為麻花鉆。