【正文】 參考文獻(xiàn)： 1 王訓(xùn)拒 .閥門使用維修手冊(cè) [s].北京：中國(guó)石化出版社， 1999 2 張德姜 .石油化工裝置工藝管道安裝設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)第二篇〔 S].北京：中國(guó)石化出版社， 1998 3 陸培文 .閥門選用手冊(cè) [S].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 。消除調(diào)節(jié)閥門泄漏的關(guān)鍵在于優(yōu)化調(diào)節(jié)閥門結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)不同的工藝條件合理選擇調(diào)節(jié)閥門的材料，提高調(diào)節(jié)閥門在生產(chǎn)過程中的質(zhì)量控制水平，以及根據(jù)工藝操作系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化調(diào)節(jié)閥門的選型。目前在國(guó)內(nèi)采用單一柔性石墨環(huán)填料的情況比較多；而在國(guó)外，采用柔性石墨環(huán)填料組合的使用方法已開始流行，并且取得了良好的效果。 采用合適的填料密封及填料密封組合，可提高調(diào)節(jié)閥門使用的可靠性，延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。 傳統(tǒng)的軟質(zhì)填料密封，是靠填料壓蓋的軸向壓力，使之在閥桿與填料以及填料與填料箱側(cè)壁之間，產(chǎn)生一定的徑向接觸應(yīng)力而達(dá)到密封的。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明，工業(yè)裝置中約 20%的調(diào)節(jié)閥門存在泄漏問題，所造成的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失約占總損失的 5%0 在石化行業(yè)中，以一套 5000kt/a 規(guī)模的常減壓裝置為例，一般情況下有 5000 個(gè)左右的調(diào)節(jié)閥門，由其中 20%的調(diào)節(jié)閥門泄漏所造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和對(duì)環(huán)境造成的污染的確不可小覷，如果從整個(gè)石化行業(yè)來看，情況就更嚴(yán)重了。液體介質(zhì)則會(huì)通過對(duì)地面的滲透產(chǎn)生污染，也可能通過明 溝或暗溝流人排洪渠，污染江河湖泊及其他環(huán)境。 3 調(diào)節(jié)閥門泄漏造成的損失 由以上情況引起的泄漏，所造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和對(duì)環(huán)境的污染程度又因介質(zhì)的特性的不同而有所不同。成型填料以彈性材質(zhì)為原料，采用模壓成型或車削加工制成各種環(huán)形密封圈，相比之下，成型填料結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，密封性能好，適用性更強(qiáng)。填料墊置于填料箱底部，起支撐填料的 作用。 填料函泄漏的原因 ： 填料函由填料箱、填料、填料墊以及填料壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)等組成。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，調(diào)節(jié)閥門的外漏不但造成原材料及能源的浪費(fèi)，還會(huì)直接污染環(huán)境，甚至引起火災(zāi)、爆炸、中毒等危害生命安全的重大事故，給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。 2 調(diào)節(jié)閥門填料函泄漏的原因分析 調(diào)節(jié)閥門泄漏分為兩種，即外部泄漏和內(nèi)部泄漏。因此，我們有必要也應(yīng)當(dāng)重視石油化工生產(chǎn)過程中調(diào)節(jié)閥門的泄漏問題。 But in overseas, uses the flexible graphite link padding bination the application method to start popularly, and has obtained the good effect. 5 concluding remark In summary, adjusts the valve in the petrification industrial production divulging is the not allow to neglect question, it to the production efficiency, the security as well as can bring the significant influence to the environment. The elimination adjustment valve divulges the key lies in the optimized adjustment valve structure the design, adjusts the valve according to the different craft condition reasonable choice the material, enhances adjusts the valve in production process quality control level, as well as adjusts the valve according to the craft operating system optimization the shaping. Along with the science and technology progress, specially the new material appearance, some new structures adjustment valves put into the use, their performance good, the life is long, may satisfy production the need to develop. Reference: 1 Wang Xunju Valve use maintenance handbook [ s ] Beijing: Chinese petrochemistry publishing house, 1,999 2 German ginger The petroleum chemical industry installment process tube installs design handbook second [ S ] Beijing: Chinese petrochemistry publishing house, 1,998 3 Lu Peiwen The valve selects the handbook [ S ] Beijing: Mechanical industry publishing house, 中文譯文 填料 函泄漏的原因分析及對(duì)策 摘要：通過分析石化企 業(yè)各種調(diào)節(jié)閥門 中填料 函泄漏的原因，以及調(diào)節(jié)閥門泄漏對(duì)環(huán)境和生產(chǎn)所帶來的危害，提出了一些解決對(duì)策。 Countermeasure 1 foreword adjustment valve is the petroleum chemical industry refines oil in the installment the essential part, its use adjustment valve type many, quantity big, in the chemical production medium many is corrosiveness strong, virulent or is flammable explosive, when adjusts the valve divulges, not only can create the serious raw material, the energy and the product waste, moreover also has the serious influence to the environment, even causes the serious security accident. . Therefore, we have the necessity also to have to take in the petroleum chemical industry production process to adjust the valve to divulge the question. Under causes the reason on the petroleum chemical industry installment in which the adjustment valve packing box divulges as well as prevented divulges the countermeasure, the method with the elimination makes the key discussion. 2 adjustments valves packing box divulges the reason analysis adjustment valve divulges divides into two kinds, namely outside divulges with the interior divulges. In the majority situation, outside divulges the consequence which creates, often divulges pared to the interior seriously. In the industrial production, adjusts the valve outside to leak not only creates the raw material and the energy waste, but also can directly pollute the environment, even causes the fire, the detonation, is poisoned and so on the harm safety significant accident, the national economy creates the heavy loss for. Outside but the packing box divulges also belongs leaks. The packing box divulges reason: The packing box by the stuffing box, the padding, the padding pad as well as the padding contracts the anization and so on to be posed. The stuffing box sets on the valve body or the valve cover, plays holds the padding the role. The padding pad sets to the stuffing box base, plays the strut padding role. The padding divides the soft nature sealing pound and takes shape the padding two kinds. Takes shape the padding take the elastic material quality as the raw material, uses the mould pressing to take shape or the turning processing makes each kind of joiner curtain under, pares, takes shape the padding structure pact, sealing property good, the serviceability is stronger. The medium divulges in the sealing pound place, the reason bees less crowded, the sealing pound for the padding gland is not strict, the padding variety or the quality does not conform to the requirement, the padding gets older or by the valve lever attrition. 3 adjusts the loss which the valve divulges creates Divulging causes which by the above situation, creates the economic loss and further because the medium characteristic different has differently to the environment pollution degree. If is the gas medium, then very easily p