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本科畢業(yè)論文-我國(guó)上市公司調(diào)節(jié)盈余管理的手段研究(參考版)

2025-06-11 09:51本頁面
  

【正文】 s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a。s cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytimesoapstyle narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the fulllength version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。s villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing39。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。t help but sing the folk songs , Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。s Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2021. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horsedrawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2021. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as AlmaAta, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to plete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2021. Then they will e back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54yearold was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 39。 19 參考文獻(xiàn) 1 盧中慧 . 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告之盈余管理 [N]. 證券時(shí)報(bào) . 2021,( 10): 13 2 王素玲 . 上市公司盈余管理亟待治理 [N]. 證券日?qǐng)?bào) . 2021, (7): 07 3 財(cái)政部 . 企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則 [M]. 北京 : 經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)出版社 . 2021 4 張理論 . 新企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)基本準(zhǔn)則中公允價(jià)值的應(yīng)用 [J]. 財(cái)會(huì)研究 . 2021, 8 5 黃菊 . 新會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則對(duì)上市公司盈余管理的影響分析 [J]. 財(cái)會(huì)探析 . 2021, (10):519 6 仲娜 . 上市公司利用新會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行盈余管理實(shí)例研究 [J]. 財(cái)會(huì)月刊 . 213,( 5) : 62 論文成績(jī)(百分制): 20 江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)自學(xué)考試畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)登記表(二) 開題指導(dǎo)意見: 指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 年 月 日 21 指導(dǎo)老師評(píng)語: 成 績(jī)(百分制): 指導(dǎo)教師簽名 : 年 月 日 22 為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料, 請(qǐng)您刪除以下內(nèi)容, O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?! A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China39。 第三,西方國(guó)家盈余管理的某些動(dòng)機(jī)在現(xiàn)階段并不適合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況,我國(guó)上市公司的盈余管理動(dòng)機(jī)主要有股票上市發(fā)行動(dòng)機(jī)、獲得配股資格動(dòng)機(jī)、終止上市動(dòng)機(jī)、改善證券市場(chǎng)形象動(dòng)機(jī)等。 其次,我國(guó)上市公司的盈余管理是這樣形成的。為了有效的解決我國(guó)上市公司盈余管理問題,提出如下觀點(diǎn)。 上市公司盈余管理不僅是一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)問題,更是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)問題,不能指望通過某一方面的改進(jìn)來治理的目的,而需要社會(huì)各相關(guān)部門聯(lián)合起來進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究治理,以保證我國(guó)證券市場(chǎng)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)健康有序的發(fā)展。例如,配股政策中 10%的凈資產(chǎn)收益率要求固守多年,造成盈余管理形勢(shì)異常嚴(yán)峻 [14]。 根據(jù)需要及時(shí)調(diào)整監(jiān)管政策 監(jiān)管政策中的具體財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)需要根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化及時(shí)做出調(diào)整。定期披露一向是信息披露的重點(diǎn),對(duì)于該類信息,應(yīng)該力求披露信息的有效性,既要保證披露信息迅速、及時(shí)、簡(jiǎn)明易懂,又要盡量擴(kuò)大上市公司信息披露的內(nèi)容與范圍,對(duì)于一些重要的公司信息,如反映公司發(fā)展前景和趨勢(shì)的信息、關(guān)鍵性 的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則與政策的信息以及涉及到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的信息應(yīng)重點(diǎn)披露,以減少證券市場(chǎng)上的信息不對(duì)稱。 在信 息披露方式上,隨著信息科技的進(jìn)步和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的財(cái)務(wù)信息報(bào)告的形式發(fā)生了改變,這給上市公司的信息披露和證券市場(chǎng)的效率都帶來了影響,上市公司信息披露中存在滯后性,缺乏靈活性,為企業(yè)盈余管理行為留下了充裕的時(shí)間。 完善信息披露制度 信息披露制度是證券市場(chǎng)規(guī)范會(huì)計(jì)行為的重要制度安排。 改進(jìn)證券市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管的相關(guān)制度安排 改進(jìn)股票發(fā)行與退市制度 股票發(fā)行、退市制度是上市公司盈余管 理行為的重要誘因,證券市場(chǎng)曾幾易規(guī)則,但是,目前的股票發(fā)行制度和退市制度仍存在問題。當(dāng)然,在進(jìn)行報(bào)酬安排時(shí)應(yīng)考慮他們的自身利益與獨(dú)立性之間的平衡。由 于獨(dú)立董事大部分是專家學(xué)者和知名人士,比較珍視自己的聲譽(yù),因此,聲譽(yù)機(jī)制有比較好的效果,激勵(lì)他們更好地監(jiān)督董事和經(jīng)理層。 ( 3)進(jìn)一步完善對(duì)獨(dú)立董事的激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制 有效的激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制應(yīng)能保證獨(dú)立董事在與公司不存在重大經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的情況下,仍然有足夠的積極性和動(dòng)力為公司出謀劃策、監(jiān)督公司的管理層。獨(dú)立董事應(yīng)由股東大會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生,并且采取一人一票的表決方式,中小股東與大股東有同等表決權(quán)。獨(dú)立董事與大股東、董事會(huì)和經(jīng)理層之間有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。因此,我們應(yīng)該完善《公司法》、《證券法》對(duì)獨(dú)立董事制度的規(guī)定,對(duì)獨(dú)立董事的任職資格、比例、聘任、任期、權(quán)利義務(wù)以及應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任做出明確規(guī)定。要改變這種局面,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)完善機(jī) 構(gòu)投資者參與改善公司治理有關(guān)的政策,完善有關(guān)法規(guī),鼓勵(lì)銀行、投資基金、保險(xiǎn)公司等機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)入資本市場(chǎng),增加持股比例。因此,機(jī)構(gòu)投資者在公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)中的作用不可小視。國(guó)有股股東的所有者缺位造成了我國(guó)上市公司嚴(yán)重的“內(nèi)部人控制”問題,通過國(guó)有股的減持,形成多元化的股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)各類股東對(duì)公司治理的參與和股東大會(huì)作用的發(fā)揮,加強(qiáng)對(duì)董事會(huì)和經(jīng)理層的監(jiān)督和控制,特別是制約其操縱會(huì)計(jì)信息的行為,促進(jìn)上市公司會(huì)計(jì)信息質(zhì)量的提高 [12]。這種方案主要有兩個(gè)方面的作用 :①國(guó)有股減持可以改變上市公司中國(guó)有股“一股獨(dú)大”的局面,優(yōu)化上市公司股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu),推進(jìn)上市公司股權(quán)多元化的進(jìn)程。 ( 1)制定合理可行的國(guó)有股減持方案 制定合理可行的國(guó)有股減持方案,降低國(guó)有股比重,提高流通股比重,加快我國(guó)公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)的建設(shè)。 15 5 規(guī)范上市公司盈余管理的對(duì)策 完善公司治理結(jié)構(gòu) 優(yōu)化上市公司股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu) 股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)是公司治理 結(jié)構(gòu)中很重要的一個(gè)方面,影響著一國(guó)公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)模式的選擇,從美、德兩國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然兩國(guó)的股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)存在著很大差別,但都非常重視股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)的完善,并采取了一些措施,例如 :發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)投資者、交叉持股等,這些改革思路值得我國(guó)借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)。當(dāng)企業(yè)欲提升業(yè)績(jī),則可以采用一定的手段,使專項(xiàng)借款之外的一般借款的利息支出符合計(jì)入資產(chǎn)的要求,擴(kuò)大借款利息資本化范圍。即占用在固定資產(chǎn)上的一般借款的利息也允許資本化。新會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定符合資本化條件的資產(chǎn),是指需要經(jīng)過相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的購建或者生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)才能達(dá)到可使用或者可銷售狀態(tài)的資產(chǎn),如果相關(guān)資產(chǎn)的購建或生產(chǎn)占用了專項(xiàng)借款之外的一般借款,被占用的一般借款的利息支出允許計(jì)入資產(chǎn)。這就是說,公司只要每年注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師審計(jì)時(shí)找到證據(jù)證明其固定資產(chǎn)使用壽命等與原估計(jì)有差異,就可以通過會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更,改變各期折舊費(fèi)用,對(duì)利潤(rùn)進(jìn)行調(diào)整,從而達(dá)到盈余管理的目的。 利用固定資產(chǎn)處理 的變更進(jìn)行盈余管理
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