【正文】 The beauty about the cave dwelling is ________they help maintain local geography and save on farmlands by ________ (make) use of space that would have been otherwise left unused. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. The temperature inside is usually 13 degrees Celsius higher than in the open in winter and 10 degrees Celsius ________ (low) in summer. Statistics show that 40 million people live in cave dwellings that are scattered over an area of 600,000 square kil。 an , Shaanxi Province, is laid out in rows one atop the other, looking like buildings of multiple floors in the distance . It is a sort of distinctive cave house ________ (dig) into the mountains for dwelling of many laboring people on the Loess Plateau in northwest China. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及代詞，介詞，時(shí)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，定語(yǔ)從句，形容詞，名詞以及介詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 （10）考查介詞。結(jié)合上下文分析，所以此處用fault表示“錯(cuò)誤，責(zé)任”。 （9）考查名詞。句意：整個(gè)學(xué)校都著火了。故填burning。 （7）考查形容詞。 the wastepaper basket，指物，在后面的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，且that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以關(guān)系代詞要用which。 （6）考查定語(yǔ)從句。want sb to do sth固定短語(yǔ)，“想讓某人干某事”。故填started。 （4）考查時(shí)態(tài)。這里用any longer與前面的not構(gòu)成not…any longer結(jié)構(gòu)，“不再……”。故填with。 （2）考查介詞。句意：這是她從學(xué)校寫給父母的一封信。Susan告訴父母校長(zhǎng)會(huì)給他們寫信，讓他們來把Susan帶走。她在信中說自己因違反學(xué)校規(guī)定在宿舍吸煙而引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)大火，很多女生都住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。 The principal says that the fire was all my ________and you must pay ________the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars. The trouble ________ (start) last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. This is against the rules, of course. We are not supposed to smoke at all.I39。 此處修飾動(dòng)詞cut，要用副詞，故填dramatically。 （10）考查副詞。 （9）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些打印機(jī)能夠制造出比以前更大的物體，并且打印速度更快?？芍钣胔ave been employed。 （7）考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：自從他們?cè)?0世紀(jì)90年代以商業(yè)形式出現(xiàn)以來，他們一直被用于工廠制作小的飛機(jī)零部件和牙冠。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was，所以u(píng)se 要使用非謂語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)their trick可知使用者是人，所以人與use是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填using。 （5）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：緬因大學(xué)的研究者正在測(cè)試一條 8 米長(zhǎng)的巡邏艇，它的建造過程只花了 72 小時(shí)。所以表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填however/though。句意：不過，現(xiàn)狀可能馬上會(huì)發(fā)生改變。______(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass用來修飾craft，作定語(yǔ)，craft與make是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，故填made。 （2）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：造船是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而枯燥的過程，即使最終從造船臺(tái)上滑下來的只是一艘用玻璃纖維等現(xiàn)代材料制造的小船，而非用木板釘成的傳統(tǒng)船只。 cut the cost and time required to produce new ships.【答案】 what；made；though/however；the；using；mercial；have been employed；of；develop / to develop；dramatically 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大型3D打印機(jī)可用來制造船舶。 Since they appeared in ________(merce) form in the 1990s, generally 3D printers ________ (employ) in factories to make small things like ponents of jetengines and dental crowns(牙冠). Now, a new generation of outsize printers is arriving. These are capable ________turning out much bigger objects than previously possible, and printing them faster. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及狀語(yǔ)從句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，代詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及連詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。句意：除非醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗，否則情況不會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)（直到醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗，情況才會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)）。陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，mistakes 與repeat之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填are repeated。 （9）考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：結(jié)果是，醫(yī)療保健往往掩蓋失敗，而不是從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。put it表達(dá)......故填it。as someone puts it固定句式。 （7）考查代詞。戴森為最新款的吸塵器設(shè)計(jì)了5126個(gè)原型，然后才想出了這個(gè)讓他大賺一筆的設(shè)計(jì)。 （6）考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：生活中的情況和滑冰的情況是一樣的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，故填failing。 （4）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們總是嘗試他們已經(jīng)做得很容易的動(dòng)作，保持在他們的舒適區(qū)內(nèi)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示目的，應(yīng)該用不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，故填To stretch。 （2）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但矛盾的是，我們的孩子只有先學(xué)會(huì)如何失敗，才能真正成功。t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (訴訟). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，只有先學(xué)會(huì)如何失敗，才能真正成功，作者用這個(gè)道理告訴美國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健部門只有學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗，醫(yī)療事故的情況才會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖論) is that our children can only truly succeed ________ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that worldclass figure skaters fall over more often in practice than lowlevel figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?9．After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word。故填a。 （10）考查冠詞。設(shè)空處做前面句子的狀語(yǔ)，所給動(dòng)詞用其非謂語(yǔ)形式，邏輯主語(yǔ)she與transform之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。這是個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，連接詞做experience的賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，故填what。 （8）考查賓語(yǔ)從句。 （7）考查時(shí)態(tài)。這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是a professional photographer，指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，用whose引導(dǎo)。故填something。 （5）考查代詞。前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系，用even though/ even if 引導(dǎo)。 （4）考查連詞。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)墻剛刷過是讓作者意外的結(jié)果，用不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 （3）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文的“Of all the objects and all the memories”可知，此處是指所有物品和記憶里面，墻上的鉛筆線條是最難割舍的，因此，此處用形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，本句描述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Every growth stage與動(dòng)詞mark之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填is marked。s wonderful gift made its way to me —________ lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.【答案】 is marked；the hardest；to discover；even though/ even if；something；whose；took；what；transforming；a 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了家里有孩子成長(zhǎng)的歷程，所以舍不得搬家，后來孩子把墻上的痕跡拍照合成了圖像留作紀(jì)念。 They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer ________ work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, ________(take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph ________ we had experienced in all those