如何進(jìn)行暴發(fā)調(diào)查中英-wenkub.com
2025-05-11 01:04 本頁面
【正文】 screening for fever 氯 化消毒chlorination 調(diào)查 investigation 0 20 40 60 80 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 11月 November 12月 December Cases 病例 0 30 60 90 120 雨量 Rainfall 病例 case 雨量 rainfall 可能暴露 Probable exposure Step 5 通過副傷寒的人群分布我們可以有哪些推論？ What did we learn from the distribution of paratyphoid by person? 群體 Group 人口 Population 罹患率AR(%) 學(xué)生 Students 1005 40 一年級(jí) Grade One 394 56 二年級(jí) Grade Two 308 33 三年級(jí) Grade Three 303 27 廚房工人 Kitchen workers 10 60 教師 Teachers 72 1 總數(shù) Total 1087 38 Step 5 提出假設(shè) Develop a hypothesis 準(zhǔn)備現(xiàn)場工作 Prepare for field work 證實(shí)暴發(fā)存在 Establish existence of an outbreak Time Verify the diagnosis 驗(yàn)證診斷 確定人、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間特征 Characterize person, place and time Develop a hypothesis 提出假設(shè) Develop analytic study to test hypothesis 通過分析研究驗(yàn)證假說 Reconsider, refine, retest hypothesis 再推敲，修正和再檢驗(yàn)假說 實(shí)施控制措施 Implement Control 將調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行交流 Communicate Findings Define, find, and interview cases 定義，搜索，訪談病例 假設(shè)是從事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)和信息中產(chǎn)生的可測試的推斷 A hypothesis is a testable proposition developed from facts, data, and information. ? 假設(shè)的質(zhì)量取決于數(shù)據(jù)的寬度和準(zhǔn)確性 The quality of the hypothesis depends upon the breadth and accuracy of the data ? 調(diào)查的成功取決于假設(shè)的質(zhì)量 The success of the investigation depends upon the quality of the hypotheses 完美假設(shè)應(yīng)該包括哪些內(nèi)容 ? What should the perfect hypothesis include? ? 人口 Population ? 原因和并存因素 Causes and cofactors ? 預(yù)期結(jié)果 Expected effect ? 劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系 Doseresponse ? 時(shí)間效應(yīng)關(guān)系 Timeresponse relationship 在校學(xué)生因在 11月 10日至 15日期間飲用學(xué)校給水系統(tǒng)中未燒開的水導(dǎo)致了 11月 20日至 12月 15日間的副傷寒暴發(fā)。 C 高燒 (≥38176。如何進(jìn)行暴發(fā)調(diào)查 How to Investigate an Outbreak Robert E. Fontaine, MD MSc US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisor to Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program 什么是暴發(fā)或流行？ What is an outbreak or epidemic? ? Epidemic 流行性 ? Outbreak 暴發(fā) ? Cluster 聚集性 暴發(fā)和流行病可以突然發(fā)生 Outbreaks and epidemics may happen suddenly 010203040501 9 17 25 33 41有些暴發(fā)和流行病則是緩慢發(fā)展的 Others may develop slowly 010203040501 9 17 25 33 41有些暴發(fā)可能在高本底水平上發(fā)生 Others may happen on a high background level 010203040501 9 17 25 33 41我們?nèi)绾伟l(fā)現(xiàn)暴發(fā)和流行?。? How do we learn about outbreaks and epidemics? 通過定期回顧監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù) By regular review of surveillance 通過區(qū)縣公共衛(wèi)生人員的報(bào)告 By reports from county and district public health workers 通過和臨床人員的討論 From discussions with clinical professionals 通過新聞媒介 From the news media 直接從公眾獲取 Directly from the public 從私人商務(wù)和政府機(jī)構(gòu)獲取 From private business and government agencies. 1 為什么要對(duì)暴發(fā)和流行病進(jìn)行調(diào)查？ Why initiate an investigation? 確定問題的特征 Characterize the problem 為控制和預(yù)防措施提供合理依據(jù) Rational basis for control and prevention 科研 回答科學(xué)問題 Researchanswer scientific questions 保持流行病學(xué)家的業(yè)務(wù)熟練性 Maintain proficiency of epidemiologists 出于政治 /法律考慮 Political / legal concerns 出于規(guī)劃的考慮 Program considerations 1 為什么要啟動(dòng)調(diào)查？ Why initiate an investigation? 來源和傳播方式不清 Uncertainty of cause or mode of transmission 可能涉及食物，水，藥物，疫苗或其他產(chǎn)品 Possible involvement of food, water, drug, vaccine, or other product 對(duì)公眾的巨大威脅 Explosive threat to the general public 較高的發(fā)病及死亡 Significant morbidity and mortality 對(duì)工作、學(xué)校及公共服務(wù)造成影響 Interfere with work, school, public services 1 已知 未知 已知 調(diào)查 + 控制 +++ 調(diào)查 +++ 控制 + 未知 調(diào)查 +++ 控制 +++ 調(diào)查 +++ 控制 + 來源 /途徑 病因 值得花時(shí)間和精力調(diào)查嗎？ ?保護(hù)公眾免于持續(xù)存在或反復(fù)發(fā)生問題的侵害 Protect the public from continuing or recurrent problem ?維持流行病學(xué)家工作的有效性 Maintain proficiency of epidemiologists ?出于控制規(guī)劃的考慮 Program considerations ?出于政治 /法律考慮 Political / legal concerns ?調(diào)查成本和難易 Ease and cost of the investigation
范文總結(jié)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1