如何進(jìn)行暴發(fā)調(diào)查中英-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-25 01:04 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 d published studies 收集你認(rèn)為需要的所有物資和設(shè)備 Gather up all supplies and equipment you think you will need 為旅行作出必要的安排 Make necessary arrangements for travel Step 1 證實(shí)暴發(fā)存在 Establish existence of an outbreak 準(zhǔn)備現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作 Prepare for field work 證實(shí)暴發(fā)存在 Establish existence of an outbreak Time Verify the diagnosis 驗(yàn)證診斷 確定人、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間特征 Characterize person, place and time Develop a hypothesis 提出假設(shè) Develop analytic study to test hypothesis 通過(guò)分析研究驗(yàn)證假說(shuō) Reconsider, refine, retest hypothesis 再推敲，修正和再檢驗(yàn)假說(shuō) 實(shí)施控制措施 Implement Control 將調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行交流 Communicate Findings Define, find, and interview cases 定義，搜索，訪談病例 證實(shí)暴發(fā)的存在 Establish existence of an outbreak 觀察到的數(shù)量超過(guò)了預(yù)期的數(shù)量了嗎？ Does the observed number exceed the expected number 存在任何可能導(dǎo)致虛報(bào)的因素嗎？ Are there any factors that may have led to increased reporting 確定是單一疾病嗎？ Is this really a single disease? 值得花時(shí)間或精力調(diào)查嗎？ Is it worthwhile to investigate? Step 2 一所鄉(xiāng)村初中水源性大型副傷寒暴發(fā) A Large Outbreak of Waterborne Paratyphoid Fever in a Rural Junior High School Ying Zhang Tao Yang R. Fontaine Hao Mai Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program (CFETP) China CDC, Beijing 突發(fā)事件監(jiān)測(cè)顯示在一所鄉(xiāng)村寄宿學(xué)校有 142例副傷寒病例 Emergency surveillance reported 142 suspect cases of paratyphoid fever (PTF) at a rural boarding school. 2021年 12月 3日 December 3, 2021 Lingchuan縣 ，桂林，廣西 Lingchuan county, Guilin, Guangxi 報(bào) 告 來(lái) 源 Reporting sources 中 國(guó) 突 發(fā) 事件 監(jiān)測(cè) Chinese emergency surveillance 中 國(guó) 病例 監(jiān)測(cè) Chinese case surveillance 地方 報(bào)紙 Local newspaper 驗(yàn)證診斷 Verify the diagnosis 準(zhǔn)備現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作 Prepare for field work 證實(shí)暴發(fā)存在 Establish existence of an outbreak Time Verify the diagnosis 驗(yàn)證診斷 確定人、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間特征 Characterize person, place and time Develop a hypothesis 提出假設(shè) Develop analytic study to test hypothesis 通過(guò)分析研究驗(yàn)證假說(shuō) Reconsider, refine, retest hypothesis 再推敲，修正和再檢驗(yàn)假說(shuō) 實(shí)施控制措施 Implement Control 將調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行交流 Communicate Findings Define, find, and interview cases 定義，搜索，訪談病例 驗(yàn)證診斷 Verify the Diagnosis 疾病是否如報(bào)告所述？ Is the disease really what it has been reported to be? 目的：排除診斷錯(cuò)誤和實(shí)驗(yàn)室錯(cuò)誤 Goal: rule out misdiagnosis and laboratory error 對(duì)病人進(jìn)行各項(xiàng)檢查 Examine patients 審核病歷 Review medical records 檢查實(shí)驗(yàn)室錯(cuò)誤 Check for laboratory errors 探訪一些病人 Visit several people who became ill 核實(shí)臨床情況 Verify clinical picture Step 3 診斷可以通過(guò)將臨床發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行列表來(lái)確立 Diagnosis may be established by tabulating clinical findings Finding 發(fā)現(xiàn) % Fever ≥176。 C High fever (≥38176。 C) 發(fā)燒 ≥176。 C 高燒 (≥38176。 C) 100 69 Dry throat 咽干 55 Headache 頭痛 54 Nonproductive cough 干咳 21 Sore throat 咽喉痛 13 Stomach ache 胃痛 10 Diarrhea 腹瀉 9 通過(guò)血樣和便樣培養(yǎng)找到病因 Agent Identified in Blood and Stool Cultures Specimen 樣本 Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A (+) % Blood 血 Stool 便 定義、計(jì)數(shù)和采訪病例 Define, count, and interview cases. 準(zhǔn)備現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作 Prepare for field work 證實(shí)暴發(fā)存在 Establish existence of an outbreak Time Verify the diagnosis 驗(yàn)證診斷 確定人、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間特征 Characterize person, place and time Develop a hypothesis 提出假設(shè) Develop analytic study to test hypothesis 通過(guò)分析研究驗(yàn)證假說(shuō) Reconsider, refine, retest hypothesis 再推敲，修正和再檢驗(yàn)假說(shuō) 實(shí)施控制措施 Implement Control 將調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行交流 Communicate Findings Define, find, and interview cases 定義，搜索，訪談病例 病例定義可有不同程度的確定性 The case definition may have levels of certainty. 疑似病例 Suspect 可能病例 Possible 臨床病例 Probable 確診病例 Confirmed 在做調(diào)查的過(guò)程中不斷修正病例定義 As you proceed you modify the case definition 疑似病例 Suspect 臨床病例 Probable 確診病例 Confirmed 副傷寒的病例定義很簡(jiǎn)單 The paratyphoid case definition was simple 發(fā)燒 (≥ 176。 C), 和一種以上的下列情況： Fever (≥176。 C), plus ≥1: 頭痛 headache
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