【正文】 anization or body involved in the transport of radioactive material which is aimed at providing adequate confidence that the standard of safety prescribed in [the Transport] Regulations is achieved in practice. (From Ref. [2].) 3. All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide confidence that a structure, system or ponent will perform satisfactorily in service. (From Ref. [35].) 質(zhì)量改進(jìn) Quality Improvement: (ISO9000:2021) part of quality management focused on increasing the ability to fulfill quality requirements Note The requirements can be related to any aspect such as effectiveness, efficiency or traceability. 持續(xù)改進(jìn) Continual Improvement: (ISO9000:2021) recurring activity to increase the ability to fulfill requirements Note The process of establishing objectives and finding opportunities for improvement is a continual process through the use of audit findings and audit conclusions, analysis of data, management reviews or other means and generally leads to corrective action or preventive action. 有效性 Effectiveness: (ISO9000:2021) extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved 效率 Efficiency: (ISO9000:2021) relationship between the result achieved and the resources used Efficiency, plant (NRC glossary 2021) The percentage of the total energy content of a power plant39。s fuel that is converted into electricity. The remaining energy is lost to the environment as heat. 質(zhì)量管理術(shù)語(yǔ)匯編 11 3 “組織”相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ) 組織 Organization: (ISO9000:2021) group of people and facilities with an arrangement of responsibilities, authorities and relationships EXAMPLE Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, institution, charity, sole trader, association, or parts or bination thereof. Note 1 The arrangement is generally orderly. Note 2 An anization can be public or private. Note 3 This definition is valid for the purposes of quality management system standards. The term anization is defined differently in ISO/IEC Guide 2. 國(guó)家核安全部門 ： 國(guó)家核安全局及其地方監(jiān)督站系統(tǒng) 。 （ HAF001/02實(shí)施細(xì)則之二1995） 核設(shè)施主管部門 ： 是指對(duì)核設(shè)施營(yíng)運(yùn)單位負(fù)有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任的國(guó)務(wù)院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府的有關(guān)行政機(jī)關(guān) 。 （ HAF0011986） 營(yíng)運(yùn)單位 ： 持有國(guó)家核安全部 門 （頒發(fā)的） 許可 證（執(zhí)照），負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)營(yíng)和運(yùn)行核電廠的單位。 （ HAF0031991） 營(yíng)運(yùn)單位 ： 是指申請(qǐng)或持有核設(shè)施 許可證， 可以 經(jīng)營(yíng)和運(yùn)行核 設(shè)施 的 組織 。（ HAF0011986） Owner: the anization legally responsible for the construction and/or operation of a nuclear facility including but not limited to one who has applied for, or who has been granted, a construction permit or operating license by the regulatory authority having lawful jurisdiction. (NQA12021) 核電廠運(yùn) 行管理者 ： 由核電廠營(yíng)運(yùn)單位（或其主管部門）委任的負(fù)責(zé)指揮核電廠運(yùn)行，并承擔(dān)直接安全責(zé)任的人員（或組織）。 （ HAF0031991） 合格人員 ： 符合特定要求、具備一定條件、而且被正式指定執(zhí)行規(guī)定任務(wù)和承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人員。 （ HAF0031991） 質(zhì)量保證部門 ：（ HAD003/021989， ） 必須在組織機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)確定行使下列質(zhì)量保證職能的負(fù)責(zé)人及其工作人員：（ 1）保證制定和有效地實(shí)施適當(dāng)?shù)馁|(zhì)量保證大綱；（ 2）驗(yàn)證各種工作是否正確地按規(guī)定進(jìn)行。他們可以處于一個(gè)單一的部門或幾個(gè)部門內(nèi)（每個(gè)部門負(fù)責(zé)不同的質(zhì)量保證 職能）。對(duì)于本導(dǎo)則來(lái)說(shuō)，行使質(zhì)量保證職能的所有人員（不管他們處于一個(gè)部門，還是處于幾個(gè)部門內(nèi)）下文中都統(tǒng)稱為“質(zhì)量保證部門”。 質(zhì)量保證部門可以行使下列職能并從事下列活動(dòng)：（ 1）計(jì)劃、設(shè)計(jì)和制定質(zhì)量保證大綱，包括它的實(shí)施辦法、程序和技術(shù)。這種職能也可以包括把大綱編寫成計(jì)劃、概述、程序或其他適當(dāng)形式的文件等有關(guān)活動(dòng)，以及質(zhì)量保證記錄的管理。（ 2）通過(guò)驗(yàn)證工作確定和評(píng)價(jià)質(zhì)量是否已達(dá)到驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種職能可以包括為驗(yàn)收物項(xiàng)和服務(wù)的檢質(zhì)量管理術(shù)語(yǔ)匯編 12 / 61 查和試驗(yàn)以及確定和驗(yàn)證質(zhì)量保證大綱是否已有效地實(shí)施的監(jiān)查。（ 3）對(duì)不符合項(xiàng)進(jìn)行管理， 查明和消除嚴(yán)重有損于質(zhì)量的情況。（ 4）人員資格考核、培訓(xùn)、質(zhì)量教育和頒發(fā)證書等有關(guān)工作。 Facilities and Activities: A general term enpassing nuclear facilities, uses of all sources of ionizing radiation, all radioactive waste management activities, transport of radioactive material and any other practice or circumstances in which people may be exposed to radiation from naturally occurring or artificial sources. (IAEA 2021) ? Facilities includes: nuclear facilities。 irradiation installations。 some mining and raw material processing facilities such as uranium mines。 radioactive waste management facilities。 and any other places where radioactive material is produced, processed, used, handled, stored or disposed of—or where radiation generators are installed—on such a scale that consideration of protection and safety is required. ? Activities includes: the production, use, import and export of radiation sources for industrial, research and medical purposes。 the transport of radioactive material。 the demissioning of facilities。 radioactive waste management activities such as the discharge of effluents。 and some aspects of the remediation of sites affected by residues from past activities. ? This term is intended to provide an alternative to the terminology of sources and practices (or intervention) to refer to general categories of situations. For example, a practice may involve many different facilities and/or activities, whereas the general definition (1) of source is too broad in some cases: a facility or activity might constitute a source, or might involve the use of many sources, depending upon the interpretation used. ? The term facilities and activities is very general, and includes those for which little or no regulatory control may be necessary or achievable: the more specific terms authorized facility and authorized activity should be used to distinguish those facilities and activities for which any form of authorization has been given. ? In the Fundamental Safety Principles (Safety Fundamentals), the term ‘facilities and activities—existing and new—utilized for peaceful purposes’ is abbreviated for convenience to facilities and activities as a general term enpassing any human activity that may cause people to be exposed to radiation risks arising from naturally occurring or artificial sources. 組織結(jié)構(gòu) Organizational Structure: (ISO9000:2021) arrangement of responsibilities, authorities and relationships between people Note 1 The arrangement is generally orderly. Note 2 A formal expression of the anizational structure is often provided in a quality manual or a quality plan for a project. Note 3 The scope of an anizational structure can include relevant interfaces to external anizations. 質(zhì)量管理術(shù)語(yǔ)匯編 13 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施