【正文】 for profession program are the basis for entry into graduate school。and other professional facilitate this transition, urgent improvements are needed in education ，本科教育的課程是進(jìn)入研究院和其它專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)。為了促進(jìn)這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變，在教育策略方面作以緊迫改進(jìn)是必須的。Existing models of total quality management(TQM)and continuous process improvement(CPI)can be adopted for curriculum , because of the unique nature of of TQM will be necessary so that the approach will be patible with the academic 。但是，由于學(xué)術(shù)界的獨(dú)特性，重新定義全面質(zhì)量是必要的，這與理論的進(jìn)程是一致的。Students must understand the way the world around them works and be capable of being responsible contributors to the education offers a more holistic approach to achieving this ，并且有能力成為一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)有貢獻(xiàn)的人。跨學(xué)科教育為達(dá)到這一目的提供了更全面的方法。Students go through courses in operations research, manufacturing, human factors and so on without understanding the interrelationships between these areas and the synergistic impact this integrated approach has on manmachine ，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)，人因?qū)W等課程，但是并沒有深入理解這些領(lǐng)域在人機(jī)體系中集成方法的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系以及相互影響。Many young graduates mistakenly perceive their expected roles as being part of the management personnel, having little or no direct association with shopfloor views impede handon experience and prevent the identification of root causes of industrial ，很少或者根本沒有把自己與車間活動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起。這種觀點(diǎn)阻礙了他們傳承實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并且妨礙了他們對(duì)工程問題出現(xiàn)的根本原因的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Professionalmorality and responsibility should be introduced early to IE on ethics should be incorporated into improvement graduates should be familiar with engineering code of ethics so that they can uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of their professions by:l Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare:lll Being honest, loyal, and impartial in serving the public, their employers and clients: Striving to increase the petence and prestige of their professions: Supporting the professional and technical societies of their 工業(yè)工程的真正價(jià)值 real IE value“If a person loses slight of the total job and stars looking at the individual pieces, it es out a little hairy.”“如果一個(gè)人不能對(duì)整項(xiàng)工作做全面把握而只是將注意力放在個(gè)別的方面，那么結(jié)果就不會(huì)令人滿意?！盕ormer IE departments have been decentralized or renamed and are now described using such terms as Quality Improvement Engineering, Management Service or Engineering Service, just to name a 。現(xiàn)在他們已經(jīng)部分成為質(zhì)量改善工程，質(zhì)量服務(wù)或者工程服務(wù)，僅是名字多一點(diǎn)。What appears to be a problem is the perceived gap between what types of students academia is providing pared with the types of students industry are required to take a broad range of IE course to help them understand the principles of IE and provide a solid academic , industry leaders to expect, however, are students who have the ability to operate in the environment in which they are areas where there appears to be a deficiency include interpersonal skills, knowledge of puters, nontechnical/business skills, quality management skills, and an appreciation for the plant upon what industry the new graduate is placed, the need for certain skills will ,計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí),商業(yè)技能, IEs eventually must sell their ideas and plans to management, which often requires aboveaverage munication many IE graduates, this is a tough , areas that may be of special importance to IEs in the ing years include information technology(IT)and business process IT continues to evolve, technological advancements will have a big impact on how panies look at business processes of the next together, IT and BPR has the potential to create a new type of industrial engineering, changing the way the discipline is practiced and the skills necessary to practice 。隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，先進(jìn)的技術(shù)將影響企業(yè)在下個(gè)世紀(jì)的商業(yè)進(jìn)程。信息技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)流程再造的聯(lián)合操作有創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新型的工業(yè)工程的潛力。它將改變實(shí)用的準(zhǔn)則和實(shí)際操作的技能。IEs must take the proactive approach and position themselves as leaders of changes occurring in all sectors of fact, IEs must create the Zollenberg, “I think we have to step up to the front and take a leadership role, rather than just sit back and wait for somebody to ask us to do a study.”工業(yè)工程師們必須采取主動(dòng)并把自己作為所有工業(yè)變化的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，事實(shí)上也就是實(shí)施者。：“我認(rèn)為我們有必要作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人走在前列，而不是靜坐等著別人來要求我們?nèi)スぷ鳌！钡谌?jié) 運(yùn)籌學(xué) operations research Operations research as defined by the Operations Research Society of America, “is concerned with scientifically deciding how to best design and operate manmachine systems, usually under conditions requiring the allocation of scarce resources.” Important to the field is the development, testing, and use of models to predict various outes under differing conditions or to optimize the oute for a given gives decision makers the ability either to choose the “best” oute or to enhance the likelihood of a given set of desired application of quantitative methods is also very ：在需要對(duì)緊缺資源進(jìn)行分配的前提下決定如何最好的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)作人機(jī)系統(tǒng)的決策科學(xué)。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)是發(fā)展，檢測(cè)和應(yīng)用模型去預(yù)測(cè)在不同條件下的各種結(jié)果，或者優(yōu)化給定條件下的結(jié)果。決策者應(yīng)有的能力是：要么選擇最優(yōu)結(jié)果，要么增大一系列給定結(jié)果中的好的結(jié)果的可能性。定量方法的應(yīng)用也是非常重要的。Optimization—determining how to get an objective function or performance index to its maximum within the limits of available resources and technology—is a fundamental goal of decision making and, moreover, an important tool in engineering more than three decades, research in optimization—a considerable fraction of which has been funded by the STOR program of NSF—has been active and fruitful, with payoffs accumulating through a multitude of —決定如何得到一個(gè)目標(biāo)函數(shù)或性能指標(biāo)以使得在有限的資源和技術(shù)有限的條件下達(dá)到它的最大值—是決策的基本目標(biāo)，并且除此之外，它還是在工程設(shè)計(jì)方面重要的工具。三十多年來，最優(yōu)化方面的研究—它的很多方面的研究已經(jīng)被NSF的STOR計(jì)劃資助—已經(jīng)通過大量的實(shí)踐積累產(chǎn)生了作用并取得累累碩果。(此處因?yàn)楫嫷闹攸c(diǎn)不同，這一段全部整理上了，個(gè)人根據(jù)需要，自己選擇復(fù)習(xí)吧)The primary objective shared by OR and artificial intelligence（AI）is to provide methods and Procedures that support effective problem solving and decision two disciplines approach this mon in fundamentally different but plementary ways：AI problem solving techniques tend to be inferential and to rely on expert knowledge and heuristics: OR uses algorithmic, mathematically based intelligence emphasizes qualitative aspects of problems；OR emphasizes the careful integration of these two approaches to problem solving shows significant promise for improving the capability and，notably，the acceptability of problem solving systems。