【正文】 。 is primarily an informationhanding job ,and the puter is an ideal panion.這主要是一些信息處理工作，而計算機是完成這項工作的一個理想助手。 important for CIM ,puteraided process machine readable data instead of handwritten plans . Such data can readily be transferred to other systems within the CIM hierarchy for use in planning.對計算機集成制造最為重要的是，計算機輔助工藝設(shè)計可以生成機器可以閱讀數(shù)據(jù)，而不是手寫的規(guī)程。這種數(shù)據(jù)可以傳遞到計算機集成制造體系中的另一個系統(tǒng)中，用以編制工藝規(guī)程。 the variant approach ,a set of standard process plans is established for all parts families that have been identified through group technology.在派生法中，對采用成組技術(shù)確定的一個零件族中的所有零件，編制一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的加工工藝規(guī)程。 ,GT helps to place the new part in an appropriate family .The standard plan is then edited to suit the specific requirements of a particular job.成組技術(shù)可以幫助把新零件歸類于適當(dāng)?shù)牧慵逯?。通過對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工藝規(guī)程的編輯，可以滿足對特定工作的專門要求。 the generative approach ,an attempt is made to synthesize each individual plan using appropriate algorithms that define the various technological decisions that must be made in the course of manufacturing.在創(chuàng)成法中，通過采用確定加工制造過程中各種工藝決策的適當(dāng)算法，將各個單獨的工藝規(guī)程綜合起來。Lesson66One of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC).Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools were manually operated and controlled . 先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)中的一個最基本的概念是數(shù)字控制（NC）。在數(shù)控技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前，所有的機床都是有人工操作和控制的。 Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tolls, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills . 在與人工可控制的機床有關(guān)的很多局限性中，操作者的技術(shù)大概是最突出的問題。 Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the longrun tooling costs lower. 數(shù)字控制的機器比人工操縱的機器的精度更高、生產(chǎn)零件的一致性更好、生產(chǎn)速度更快，而且長期的工藝裝備成本更低。 4 、The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. 在形成直接數(shù)字控制(DNC)這個概念之后，可以不再采用紙帶或塑料帶作為編程指令的載體，這樣就解決了與之有關(guān)的問題。 The development of the microprocessor allowed for the development of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and microputer.微處理器的發(fā)展為可編程邏輯控制器和微型計算機的發(fā)展做好了準(zhǔn)備。 These two technologies allowed for the development of puter numerical control (CNC). 這兩種技術(shù)為計算機數(shù)控(CNC)的發(fā)展打下了基礎(chǔ)。Lesson71 A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material,parts tool,or specialized devicds through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks 翻譯：機器人是一個可以改編程序的多功能操作器，被設(shè)計用來按照預(yù)先編制的 、能夠完成多種作業(yè)運動的程序來運送材料、零件、工具或者專用裝置。The terms “reprogrammable”impliestwo things :The robot operates according to a written program, and this program can be rewritten to acmodate a variety of manufacturing tasks翻譯：“可以改變程序”這個術(shù)語意味著兩件事：機器人根據(jù)編寫的程序工作，以及可以通過重新編寫程序來適應(yīng)不同種類的制造工作的需要。The term “multifunctional” means that the robot can,throughreprogramming and the use of different endeffectors ,preform a number of diferent manufacturing tasks .翻譯：“多功能”這個詞意味著機器人能夠通過編程和使用不同的末端執(zhí)行機構(gòu)，完成不同的制造工作。One of the principal advatages of robots is that they can be used in settings that are dangerous to humans.翻譯：機器人的一個主要優(yōu)點實它們可以在對于人類來說實危險的環(huán)境中工作。Robots and robor cells must be carefually designed and configured so that they do not dangerous to humans.翻譯：應(yīng)該仔細(xì)的設(shè)計和配置機器人和機器人單元，是它們不會傷害 人類和其它機器。Even with such precautions it is still a god idea to have an automatic shaudown system in situations whererobots are a system should have the capacity to sense the need for an automatic shutdown of operations.翻譯：即使有了這些防御措施，在使用機器人的場地中設(shè)置一個自動停止工作的系統(tǒng)仍然不失為一個好主意。機器人的這個系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該具有測出是否有需要自動停止工作的要求的能力。 完美DOC格式整理