【正文】 financial crisis(199798)投資（貸款）組合 investment(loan)portfolio 外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves 中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China 儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高 high leverage ratio of the stateowned enterprises, 國有獨資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of nonperforming loans of the state mercial banks 少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and mediumsized financial institutions 不良貸款 nonperforming loans 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險 address financial risks 提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 監(jiān)事會 supervisory board 實行謹(jǐn)慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量 the fivecategory asset classification approach 金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management panies 分離和收回不良資產(chǎn) substantially reduce the ratio of nonperforming assets 分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營 business segregation, economy of scale 規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性銀行 state policyrelated bank 國家發(fā)展銀行 State Development Bank 知識經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledgebased economy 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) Internetbased networked economy 指導(dǎo)性計劃 guidance plan 社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國）socialist market economy 社會市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國）social market economy 新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國）new economy 中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China 中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation CITIC Industrial Bank 中國進(jìn)出口銀行 China EXIM Bank 匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HKSBC)金融監(jiān)管 financial supervision 中國人民銀行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商業(yè)銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保險法 Law of Insurance 證券法 Law of Securities 巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles 監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、管理機(jī)制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 風(fēng)險意識 consciousness of risk prevention 事前監(jiān)管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帳目編號 depositor 存戶 payin slip 存款單 a deposit form 存款單a banding machine 自動存取機(jī) to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收據(jù) private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存單 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 雙簽 to endorse 背書 endorser 背書人 to cash 兌現(xiàn)to honor a check 兌付 to dishonor a check 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 check 支票check book 支票本 order check 記名支票 bearer check 不記名支票 crossed check 橫線支票 blank check 空白支票 rubber check 空頭支票check stub, counterfoil 票根 cash check 現(xiàn)金支票traveler39。s check 旅行支票 check for transfer 轉(zhuǎn)帳支票 outstanding check 未付支票 canceled check 已付支票 forged check 偽支票Bandar39。s note 莊票，銀票 banker 銀行家 president 行長savings bank 儲蓄銀行 Chase Bank 大通銀行National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 匯豐銀行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行 Banque de I39。Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行central bank, national bank, banker39。s bank 中央銀行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 發(fā)行幣銀行 mercial bank 商業(yè)銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行 member bank, credit bank 儲蓄信貸銀行 discount bank 貼現(xiàn)銀行 exchange bank 匯兌銀行requesting bank 委托開證銀行issuing bank, opening bank 開證銀行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行 negotiation bank 議付銀行 confirming bank 保兌銀行 paying bank 付款銀行associate banker of collection 代收銀行 consigned banker of collection 委托銀行 clearing bank 清算銀行 local bank 本地銀行 domestic bank 國內(nèi)銀行 overseas bank 國外銀行 unincorporated bank 錢莊 branch bank 銀行分行trustee savings bank 信托儲蓄銀行 trust pany 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投資公司trust institution 銀行的信托部 credit department 銀行的信用部mercial credit pany(discount pany)商業(yè)信貸公司（貼現(xiàn)公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲蓄所 credit union 合作銀行 credit bureau 商業(yè)興信所 selfservice bank 無人銀行 land bank 土地銀行construction bank 建設(shè)銀行industrial and mercial bank 工商銀行 bank of munications 交通銀行 mutual savings bank 互助儲蓄銀行post office savings bank 郵局儲蓄銀行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行 industrial bank 實業(yè)銀行 home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行 reserve bank 準(zhǔn)備銀行 chartered bank 特許銀行 corresponding bank 往來銀行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行 investment bank 投資銀行import and export bank(EXIMBANK)進(jìn)出口銀行 joint venture bank 合資銀行 money shop, native bank 錢莊 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票據(jù)交換所 public accounting 公共會計 business accounting 商業(yè)會計 cost accounting 成本會計depreciation accounting 折舊會計 puterized accounting 電腦化會計 general ledger 總帳subsidiary ledger 分戶帳 cash book 現(xiàn)金出納帳 cash account 現(xiàn)金帳journal, daybook 日記帳，流水帳 bad debts 壞帳 investment 投資 surplus 結(jié)余idle capital 游資economic cycle 經(jīng)濟(jì)周期 economic boom 經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮economic recession 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條 economic crisis 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī) economic recovery 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇 inflation 通貨膨脹 deflation 通貨收縮 devaluation 貨幣貶值 revaluation 貨幣增值international balance of payment 國際收支 favorable balance 順差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通貨 soft currency 軟通貨international monetary system 國際貨幣制度 the purchasing power of money 貨幣購買力 money in circulation 貨幣流通量 note issue 紙幣發(fā)行量 national budget 國家預(yù)算national gross product 國民生產(chǎn)總值 public bond 公債 stock, share 股票 debenture 債券treasury bill 國庫券 debt chain 債務(wù)鏈direct exchange 直接（對角）套匯 indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外匯儲備 foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動 foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機(jī) discount 貼現(xiàn)discount rate, bank rate 貼現(xiàn)率 gold reserve 黃金儲備money(financial)market 金融市場 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 經(jīng)紀(jì)人 mission 傭金 bookkeeping 簿記 bookkeeper 簿記員an application form 申請單 bank statement 對帳單 letter of credit 信用證 strong room, vault 保險庫 equitable tax system 等價稅則 specimen signature 簽字式樣banking hours, business hours 營業(yè)時間 share, equity, stock 股票、股權(quán) negotiable share 可流通股份treasury /government bond 國庫券/政府債券closedend securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金 openend securities investment fund 開放式證券投資基金 market capitalization 市值 marktomarket 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/結(jié)算 put / call option 看跌/看漲期權(quán) rights issue/offering 配股ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國存托憑證/存股證 GDR(Global Depository Receipt)全球存托憑證/存股證 institutional investor 機(jī)構(gòu)投資者 proprietary trading 自營 market manipulation 市場操縱IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開發(fā)行 securities 證券 premium 溢價share capital 股本posite index 綜合指數(shù) capital market 資本市場 liquidity 流通性highlyleveraged institutions(HLI)高杠桿交易機(jī)構(gòu) subscribe 申購 underwriter承銷商 road sho