【正文】 ；（印度等地的）雨季, 季風(fēng) mosquito control 蚊蟲控制Mount Qomolangma/ Mount Everest珠穆朗瑪峰Natural disasters/ hazards 、危害 [擴(kuò)展] debris dust extratropical flooding , 水災(zāi) forest hurricane hurricane warning hurricane watch storm tidal wave(a tsunami) , 龍卷風(fēng)tropical tropical volcano natural reserve / natural preservation zone 自然保護(hù)區(qū)natural resource protection areas 自然資源保護(hù)區(qū) [擴(kuò)展] Planet Earth地球 Planet Jupiter 木星 Planet mars火星 Planet Mercury水星 Planet Neptune海王星 Planet Pluto 冥王星 Planet Saturn 土星 Planet Uranus 天王星 Planet Venus金星 Pollutant renewable resources可再生資源reservoir , 蓄水池 , 煙霧污染 temperate Three Gorges Project 三峽工程Three Gorges reservoir 三峽水庫(kù) tropical rain forest 熱帶雨林 traffic congestion交通擁塞 UV(ultraviolet) urbanization urbanite volcanoes water loss and soil erosion水土流失9)教育函授學(xué)院 correspondence school? 附中 middle / high school?affiliated to ?政治思想教育 political and ideological education? 自學(xué)成才 to bee educated through independent study? 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金scholarship。fellowship。financial grant 領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的學(xué)生 a grantaided student? candidate 博士后post–doctoral 畢業(yè)生分配graduate placement成人高考/自學(xué)考試 the national higher education exams for selftaught adults 成人教育adult education 充電update one39。s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education? 大學(xué)城 college town 大學(xué)社區(qū)college munity 大專文憑associate degree 分?jǐn)?shù) mark。grade? 成績(jī)單 transcript畢業(yè)論文(大學(xué))paper。（研）thesis。（博）dissertation? 實(shí)習(xí)internship。field work 畢業(yè)典禮 graduation ceremony。mencement? 畢業(yè)證書 certificate 高等教育 higher education? 高等學(xué)府 institution of higher education? 綜合性大學(xué) prehensive university? 文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts? 理工科大學(xué) college / university of science and engineering? 師范學(xué)院 teachers39。 college?/ normal college 工科大學(xué) polytechnic university 農(nóng)學(xué)院 college?of agriculture 醫(yī)學(xué)院 medical school? 中醫(yī)院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine?(TCM)音樂學(xué)院music school? 美術(shù)學(xué)院 academy of fine arts? 高分低能high scores and low abilities 高考(university / college)entrance examination 高校擴(kuò)招the college expansion plan國(guó)家普通話水平考試National Proficiency Test of Putonghua(Mandarin)函授大學(xué)correspondence university 教授professor 副教授 associate professor 客座教授 visiting professor。guest professor? 講師 lecturer? 助教 assistant? 輔導(dǎo)員 assistant for political and ideological work? 教研室/組 teaching and research section/group? 教學(xué)法 pedagogy。teaching method 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education? 九年義務(wù)教育nineyear pulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 課外的 extracurriculum 課外活動(dòng) extracurricular activities? 課堂討論 class discussion? 必修課 required / pulsory course? 選修課 elective / optional course? 基礎(chǔ)課 basic course? 專業(yè)課 specialized course? 課程表 school schedule 研究小組；討論會(huì) seminar? 教學(xué)大綱 teaching program。syllabus 學(xué)習(xí)年限 period of schooling? 學(xué)歷 record of formal schooling? 學(xué)年 school/academic year? 學(xué)期(school)term。semester? 學(xué)分 credit? 人才交流 talents exchange 人才戰(zhàn) petition for talented people 設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院 academy of design 體育學(xué)院 institute of physical culture 授予某人學(xué)位 to confer a degree on / to sb.?/for sth()升學(xué)率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade?（國(guó)家）助學(xué)金(state)stipend/subsidy/ financial aid 碩博聯(lián)讀 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study 素質(zhì)教育 qualityoriented education 填鴨式教學(xué) cramming method of teaching 脫產(chǎn)進(jìn)修block release 短訓(xùn)班shortterm training course? 教學(xué)人員the faculty。teaching staff? 中、小學(xué)校長(zhǎng) headmaster/headmistress。principal? 大專院校校長(zhǎng)(美)president。（英）chancellor?。vicechancellor 教務(wù)長(zhǎng),(系)主任 dean 希望工程 Project Hope? 小組討論group discussions 校訓(xùn) school motto 校友a(bǔ)lumnus(男)。alumna（女）。alumnae 學(xué)生會(huì) students39。 union/association? 走讀生 extern。nonresident student? 住宿生 boarder? 旁聽生 auditor? 研究生 graduate student。postgraduate(student)? 應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生 graduating student。current year’s graduate 課程 course。curriculum? 校園數(shù)字化 campus digitalization 校園文化campus culture 學(xué)分 credit points 學(xué)漢語(yǔ)熱 enthusiasm in learning Chinese 學(xué)歷教育 education with record of formal schooling 學(xué)齡兒童 schoolager? 學(xué)前教育 preschool education? 學(xué)生減負(fù)alleviate the burden on students 學(xué)時(shí) credit hours 學(xué)位證書 degree certificate學(xué)英語(yǔ)熱enthusiasm in learning English 義務(wù)教育pulsory education 應(yīng)試教育 examoriented education 優(yōu)化教師隊(duì)伍 optimize the teaching staff? 在職博士生 onjob doctorate 在職研究生 onjob postgraduates 招生辦公室 admission office 招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室 enrolment and placement office 職業(yè)道德 work ethics? 職業(yè)高中（職高）vocational high school 職業(yè)教育 vocational education 三學(xué)期制 the trimester system? 定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for predetermined?employers 示范試點(diǎn) demonstration pilot project? 動(dòng)員 mobilize? 多學(xué)科的 multidisciplinary? 重點(diǎn)大學(xué) key university? 被授權(quán) be authorized to do? 博士后科研流動(dòng)站 center for postdoctoral studies? 國(guó)家發(fā)明獎(jiǎng) National Invention Prize? 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)獎(jiǎng) National Prize for Natural Sciences? 國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步獎(jiǎng) National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology? 學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告會(huì)，專題討論會(huì) symposium/ seminar 記者招待會(huì) press conference? 國(guó)家教委State Education Commission 國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局 State Statistical Bureau? 國(guó)家教育經(jīng)費(fèi) national expenditure on education? 財(cái)政撥款 financial allocation? 職業(yè)培訓(xùn) job training 職業(yè)文盲 functional illiterate? 專職教師 fulltime teacher? 智力引進(jìn) recruit / introduce(foreign)talents 智商intelligence quotient(IQ)中等教育 secondary education? 主觀能動(dòng)性 subjective initiative 助學(xué)行動(dòng) activity to assist the impoverished students 準(zhǔn)博士all but dissertation(ABD)自費(fèi)留學(xué) go to study abroad at one39。s own expense 自費(fèi)研究生 selfsupporting/ selfsponsored graduate student10)文化四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China [擴(kuò)展] 火藥gunpowder 印刷術(shù) printing 造紙術(shù)papermaking 指南針the pass 四書The Four Books [擴(kuò)展]《大學(xué) 》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《論語(yǔ)》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius中國(guó)畫 traditional Chinese painting 書法 calligraphy 水墨畫Chinese brush painting。ink and wash painting 工筆 traditional Chinese realistic painting 孫子兵法The Art of War 漢字 Chinese character 華夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors 單音節(jié) single syllable 漢語(yǔ)有 “合理的邏輯性” Chinese language is “soberly logical”(Edward Sapir, American linguist)漢語(yǔ)四聲調(diào)the four tones of Chinese characters [擴(kuò)展] level tone陽(yáng)平rising tone陰平fallingrising tone上聲 falling tone去聲武術(shù) martial art 中國(guó)武術(shù) Kung fu 武術(shù)門派 styles or schools of martial art習(xí)武健身practice martial art for fitness 氣功Qigong, deep breathing exercises 拳擊boxing 中國(guó)文學(xué)Chine