【導(dǎo)讀】or“Haveyoueatenyet?”mustbeoff,Ihaveto…"andsoon.

　　

【正文】 ge learners have to observe details of everyday situations, in case of greeting, farewell, pliment, apology, requirement, etc. Though the media people can learn the polite behavior, etiquette, means to solve conflicts, techniques of 11 negotiation, debates, ways of show love, dating and so on. Movies can also improve crosscultural munication by conveying the important values, munication styles and so on. After watching movies, foreign language learners may take notes of their observations, and supplement the findings and talk with those who have shared the same movies so that they can apply what they have learned to real crosscultural munication someday. . Attending lectures on cultures Learners should attend lectures on cultures given by foreign teachers or those who have experience in foreign countries. Some lectures may be centered on the target culture while others may be a parison between two cultures. Whichever lecture the learners attend, it may increase their cultural awareness through the description of different cultures and the techniques for proper behavior in crosscultural munication. Participating in discussions after the lecture will reinforce the cultural information they have got from the lecture. What39。s more, such discussions can reveal the relation between value systems and people39。s behavior in social activities. . Communicating with native speakers Foreign language learners can go to English Corners to learn culture. While munication with people from the other culture, students are easily hesitating to speak. When a westerner greets Chinese people, some to them pretend that they have not heard of it, or bow their head keeping silent. Some of them smile shyly and quickly go away. All these would make the westerner embarrassed. So Chinese must try to talk to westerners and take advantage of every opportunity to talk with foreign teachers and students available in a relaxed atmosphere. They will benefit from such talks since they can not only practice language, but also observe native speakers39。 behavior and exchange their feelings about cultural differences with native speakers. While they attend classes given by foreign teachers, observation and exchange of feelings are of the same importance. Foreign language learners should not hesitate to ask foreigners questions concerning cultural differences, and foreigners may like to answer them since they equally eager to know such differences, which have much to do with their life in China. 12 4. Conclusion In a word, both the Chinese cultures and the western cultures have many things of their own, with special, connotations culture greatly impress on each aspect of the people39。s life. Establish a right attitude toward cultural different Attitude is a manner of feeling and behaving. It can form a part of one39。s perception of self, of others, and of the culture in which one is living. A foreign language learner should set up a right attitude toward different culture. For example, to be openminded to them. Prejudice should be avoided. Prejudice in culture refers to an intolerant, unfair or biased attitude toward another culture. Regardless of the existence of prejudice, crosscultural munication may bee difficult. When facing a new culture, people should be flexible and able to adapt themselves to the new situation. Do as the Romans do is an effective way for those who are experiencing cultural differences. Therefore, being openminded to cultural difference is a prerequisite to a successful munication with native speakers. Only when we know the difference of culture between Chinese and western, can we use the language more properly and naturally to municate with the foreigners. References: [1]Adler, N., International Dimensions of Organisational Behaviour., SouthWestern College Publishing, International Thomson Publishing, 1997 [2]Ball, S, Foucault and Education:, Routledge, London, 1990 [3]Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S., Transnational Management, Boston, MA.,1992 [4]Bogden, R. and Biklen, S., Quantitative Research for Education, Allyn amp。 Bacon, Boston, MA. ,1992 [5]Briscoe, D., International Human Resource Management, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.,1995 [6]杜學(xué)增， 《中英文化習(xí)俗比較》 ,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社， 20xx 年 [7]張奎武 ,《英美概況》 , 上海外語教育出版實(shí)社 , 1999 13 【 摘 要 】 文化背景不同，不同語言的人在交談時，常常由于文化上的不同，即使語言準(zhǔn)確無誤，也會產(chǎn)生誤會。語言是文化的一部分，并對文化起著重要作用。有些社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為，語言是文化的基石—— 沒有語言，就沒有文化；從另一個方面看，語言又受文化的影響，反映文化?？梢哉f，語言反映一個民族的特征，它不僅包含著該民族的歷史和文化背景，而且蘊(yùn)藏著該民族對人生的看法、生活方式和思維方式。 語言與文化互相影響，互相作用 。理解語言必須了解文化，理解文化必須了解語言。 學(xué)習(xí)一種外語不僅要掌握語音、語法、詞匯和習(xí)語，而且還要知道這種語言的人如何看待事物，如何觀察世界；要了解他們?nèi)绾斡盟麄兊恼Z言來反映他們社會的思想、習(xí)慣、行為；要懂得他們的“心靈之語言”，即了解他們社會的文化。實(shí)際上，學(xué)習(xí)語言與了解語言所反映的文化是分不開的。 在論文里主要探討一下以英語為本族語的人與中國人之間的文化差異。這種文化上的差異是多方面的，我著重討論一下關(guān)于語言交際和文化習(xí)慣 的差異 。至于其他，如生活方式、衣著打扮、舉止行為、飲食習(xí)性等等則不贅述。最后，再從深層次的分析一下產(chǎn)生這種語言和文化不同的原因。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 文化、語言、語言交際、文化習(xí)慣、產(chǎn)生原因