【正文】 re of the classrooma map of China：不定冠詞，定冠詞種類：(1)不定冠詞：a / ana unit / an uncle元音開(kāi)頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /an / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / anexciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠詞：thethe eggthe plane:定冠詞的用法：(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater is new.(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序數(shù)詞前： John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定詞組中： in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠詞的情況：(1)專有名詞前：China is a big country.(2)名詞前有定語(yǔ)：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeys can’t are teachers.(4)在節(jié)日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前：Today is Christmas ’s Sunday.(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球類棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前：They often play football after plays chess at home.* 但樂(lè)器前要用定冠詞：I play the guitar very well.(7)學(xué)科名稱前：My favorite subject is music.(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr Li.(9)固定詞組中：at noonat nightby bus三、代詞：人稱代詞，物主代詞人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù) I(我)me my(我的)復(fù)數(shù) we(我們)us our(我們的)第二人稱單數(shù) you(你)you your(你的)復(fù)數(shù) you(你們)you your(你們的)第三人稱單數(shù) he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)it its(它的)復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們)them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)四、形容詞，副詞：比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)(一)、形容詞的比較級(jí)形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, alittle來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語(yǔ)中可用賓格)。：⑴一般在詞尾加er。⑵以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r。⑶以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er。⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er。：goodbetter, beautifulmore beautiful(二)副詞的比較級(jí)(有be用形，有形用be。有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng))⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見(jiàn)的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后(不規(guī)則變化：wellbetter, farfarther)五數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞(1)120one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty(2)2199 先說(shuō)“幾十”，再說(shuō)“幾”，中間加連字符。23→twentythree，34→thirtyfour，45→forty—five，56→fiftysix，67→sixtyseven，78→seventyeight，89→ eightynine，91→ninetyone(3)101—999先說(shuō)“幾百”，再加and，再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。586→five hundred and eightysix，803→eight hundred and three(4)l，000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“，”，第一個(gè)“，”“，”前為million，第三個(gè)“，”前為billion1，001→one thousand and one18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twentythree6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion二、序數(shù)詞(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwenty→twentieth，forty→fortieth，ninety→ninetieth(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twentyfirst，two hundred and fortyfifth基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，二，三，特殊記，詞尾字母t,d,九去e, ve要用f替。ty將y變成i，前用基來(lái)后用序。六、介詞：常用介詞：in, on, at, behind等。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)1)表示具體日期。注：(1)關(guān)于“在周末”的幾種表示法：at(on)the weekend在周末特指at(on)weekends在周末泛指over the weekend在整個(gè)周末during the weekend在周末期間(2)在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說(shuō)at Christmas而不說(shuō)on Christmas2)在(剛??)的時(shí)候。On reaching the city he called up his 。1)表示“時(shí)段”、“時(shí)期”，在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))七、動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a 。：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study 。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加“s”或“es”。如：Mary likes 。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則，直接加s，如：cookcooks, milkmilks，加es，如：guessguesses, washwashes, watchwatches, gogoes“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加es，如：studystudies(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞①一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如 lived , danced , used③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry –worried(注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)④雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stoppedB、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ，see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ，are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , e – came , lose– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do。②will+ going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating②以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing③雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分：句法(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：I’m a is a works in a are four fans in our will eat lunch at 12: watched TV yesterday evening.(2)、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a is not(isn’t)a does not(doesn’t)work in a are not(aren’t)four fans in our will not(won’t)eat lunch at 12: did not(didn’t)watch TV yesterday 一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么，不能用“yes、no”來(lái)回答。 be句型There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)x kb om在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are。如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。there be句型與have(has)的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人)。have(has)表示某人擁有某物。some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：How many +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What’s + 介詞短語(yǔ)?