【導讀】取得的成果，所有數據、圖片資料真實可靠。盡我所知，除文中已經。對本論文所涉及的研究工作做出貢獻的其他個人和集體，均已。在文中以明確的方式標明。本學位論文的知識產權歸屬于培養(yǎng)單位。

　　

【正文】 er if it is rendered into “the Park of Ethnic Minorities”? In Lanzhou, “公用電話超市 ” is rendered into “PUBLIC TELEPHONE SUPERMARKET” in some places. In fact, supermarket refers to a large shop where we purchase the food and other goods we need. The translator may think that all the “超市 ” can be put into “supermarket”. But, here, the correct one should be “PUBLIC TELEPHONE SHOP”. Another example is “蘭州市廣場支行 ” which is put into “LANZHOU SHI GUANG CHANG COUNTY SUB BRANCH”. The sign mixes up English and Chinese and uses both of the two languages to translate. “LANZHOU CITY” should be used instead of “LANZHOU SHI”. And, using “branch” is enough to convey the meaning “支行 ”, so it is unnecessary to add “sub”. The version “LANZHOU CITY GUANGCHANG BRANCH” can be accepted. In addition, another example also has lexical error. It is called “豪食客比薩牛排店 ” and is put into “HAO SHI KE PIZZA MEAT ”. There exists a word that referring to “牛排 ” ― “steak ”. And, “meat” does not express the meaning of “牛排 ”. Also, a restaurant named “八百里 ” has the translation version “800 KILOMETERS”. It is all known that the Chinese meaning of “kilometer” is “ 公里 ”, which is quite different from “ 里 ”. Here, “MILES” should be used instead of “KILOMETERS”. In a hospital of the present author’s hometown, the English version of “咨詢服務 ” is rendered into “Advisory Service”. It also violates the rule of conciseness. “Information” can be used to take its place. From the above, a conclusion that the signs with lexical errors can not convey the intended information accurately can be obtained. These problems exist in many places and give readers a bad impression the first sight when they see them. Cultural Translation Errors To be bilingual, one has to be bicultural (Nord 2021: 75). Language, as a reflection and carrier of culture, varies greatly from nation to nation. English and Chinese differ from each other in cultural features as well as corresponding language styles. Language is a symbol of culture and a part of culture. CE sign translation is also closely related and even confined to the range of culture, which should be kept in mind by the translators in order to avoid crosscultural munication barrier. Conversely, without thorough understanding of the cultural information contained in words, the translator will find it tough or even impossible to acplish the translation task. Unidiomatic Expressions There exist a lot of idioms and fixed expressions in English. However, some signs just adopt wordforword translation without considering the norms in English language. Thus, these signs may lack of naturalness and appropriateness. As the east and the west have different thinking patterns, they employ different ways to express ideas. Accordingly, they differ in wording, in sentence structure and also in collocation. Take some signs as examples. “暫停收款 ” “Stop Cashier ”。 “游客止步 ” “No visitors”。 “無煙醫(yī)院 ” “Smoking Is Not Allowed In This Hospital”. The above signs (劉法公 , 徐蓓佳 , 2021) are translated with no regard to the way the English language is used. In addition, they do not read smooth or natural. The idiomatic expression of such signs in English should be “暫停收款 ” “Closed”。 “游客止步 ” “Staff Only”。 “無煙醫(yī)院 ” “Smoke Free”. It is important to follow the habit of using English and choose the terms which are frequently used in the West. Otherwise, the signs translation will cause confusion and misunderstanding. In the hospital of the present author’s hometown, “中藥配方 ” is translated into “Chinese hespitalixed handles Formula”, which is rather unclear and plicated. As a matter of fact, the term “中藥 ” has its own English equivalent, . TCM, which stands for “Traditional Chinese Medicine”. For another example, “眼科醫(yī)院 ” should not just be put into “Eye Hospital”. The correct term should be “Ophthalmology Hospital”. Moreover, in Lanzhou, a restaurant called “新天地西餐廳 ” is rendered into “NEW SKY EARTH COFFEE SHOP”, which appears utterly Chinglish and belongs to unidiomatic expression. “COFFEE SHOP” is the place where coffee is offered while “西餐廳 ” offers many kinds of western food , not just coffee. Besides, if “新天地 ” is translated into “NEW SKY EARTH ”, it violates the original meaning and the expression habit of the English. It would be better if we translate it into “NEW LAND CAFE”. In addition, “甘肅方舟旅游公司 ” is put into “GANSU ARK TOURIST CORPORATION”. “CORPORATION” should be substituted by “TRAVLE AGENCY”. “TRAVLE AGENCY” refers to a pany that arranges travel and/or acmodation for people going for a holiday or journey. Thus, it is more appropriate to use “TRAVLE AGENCY” in the translation of this sign. Using “CORPORATION” in this public sign is an unidiomatic expression. Poor Readability Currently, there are still a large number of signs in China of poor readability. Signs of this type are not only beyond the prehension of foreigners, but also leave bad impression on them. They are primarily due to the poor language petence of the translators. The sign “游人止步 ” is a frequent occurrence at most scenic spots. Various translated versions are witnessed, among which some are really beyond understanding. For instance, “Notice to Visitors”, “Visitors go no further”， “Off limits”. It goes without saying that they would fail to realize their functions. The sign “景區(qū)壞境衛(wèi)生，需要您的維護 (賀學耕 2021: 59)” is translated into “ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION OF THE SCENIC SPOT NEEDS YOUR CONSERVE”. In this version, “SANITATION”, “ENVIRONMENTAL” and “CONSERVE” are abstract words, which are not suitable to use in a public sign and have poor readability. In fact, we can simply put it into “NO LITTERING” or “KEEP THE PLACE CLEAN”. In Lanzhou, the sign “車站 快餐店 ” is rendered into “COFFEE CAKE CREAMERY ”. There is no doubt that the poor readability will give the reader a very bad impression. Actually, it should be translated into “FA