【正文】 hoose to wear should be ，你的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。特別提醒如何判斷是用wh173。還是用wh173。ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句？做題時(shí)，我們要認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境，看看句子要表達(dá)什么意思，如果表示任何一個(gè)人或事物，無(wú)范圍可言，就用wh173。ever；如果有疑問(wèn)的含義，且指的是具體的人或物，就用wh173。wh173。ever和no matter wh173。的區(qū)別wh173。ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever等；而no matter wh173。只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如：no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to ，我都會(huì)把這本字典給他。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)[考法綜述](1)對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的考查通常是以引導(dǎo)詞的選擇為主，所以正確分析表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)重要。先確定從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that不能省略；如果不完整，確定所缺成分，然后結(jié)合句意選定答案。弄清從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的也很重要。如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么后面的部分是狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)缺少的意思來(lái)選定答案。(2)解答考查同位語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)，一定先要找出從句解釋說(shuō)明的那個(gè)名詞，然后根據(jù)從句的意思和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷從句所缺的引導(dǎo)詞：①?gòu)木湟馑己统煞侄纪暾陀胻hat引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)要注意that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。②從句成分完整，但意思不完整，就用whether(是否)，切記此時(shí)不能用if代替whether。③從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用連接代詞。根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思進(jìn)一步選擇用哪一個(gè)連接代詞。④從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則分別用連接副詞where, when, how, why。命題法1 考查表語(yǔ)從句典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that39。s not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意：船泊港灣固然安全，可那不是造船的初衷。but連接的并列句中that39。s后應(yīng)為表語(yǔ)從句，________ ships are built for表示為什么目的而造船，what for結(jié)構(gòu)與句子意思相符。典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other [答案] that→what 句意：正如約翰列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，把that改為what。【解題法】 表語(yǔ)從句的解題思路(1)找出主句的動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞之后，為表語(yǔ)從句分析從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu)，利用各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)。(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞。找出空前的系動(dòng)詞確定是表語(yǔ)從句，分析所填詞在從句中的成分和意義。(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用、漏用和多余。掌握that與what的區(qū)別，以及who與whoever等詞的區(qū)別。分析句子成分，結(jié)合句意。命題法2 考查同位語(yǔ)從句典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it。that39。s one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什么那么做；那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用于解釋說(shuō)明idea的內(nèi)容；從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意此處表示原因，故用why引導(dǎo)。典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports [答案] what→that [句意：成功達(dá)到最高水平的唯一辦法是保持這樣一種信念，即你比運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的任何一個(gè)人都好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，而且從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，所以用that。] 【解題法】 同位語(yǔ)從句的解題思路(1)掌握常跟同位語(yǔ)從句的一些名詞如suggestion, advice, hope等，了解同位語(yǔ)從句的功能。(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，主要是考查引導(dǎo)詞。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that較多見(jiàn)，也會(huì)考到when, where等。分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞，判斷從句種類(lèi)。(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用、漏用和多余?？忌鶕?jù)主句結(jié)構(gòu)挑出從句，如從句表示陳述意義，常用that引導(dǎo)，表疑問(wèn)常用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。A．單句填空1．The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning when [句意：對(duì)這個(gè)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō)，進(jìn)球得分的時(shí)刻是最好的時(shí)刻。when在表語(yǔ)從句中表時(shí)間。] 2．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell what [句意：“每次你吃甜東西，喝點(diǎn)綠茶?！边@是過(guò)去媽媽經(jīng)常對(duì)我說(shuō)的話(huà)。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查的是表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的直接賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)。] 3．—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I39。m not to blame, am________you have made what [句意：——真是一團(tuán)糟！你總是這么懶惰！——媽媽?zhuān)瑒e怪我。我現(xiàn)在這樣就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知，I am后是表語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作made me后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。類(lèi)似例子還有：He is no longer what(＝the one that)he used to be。] 4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That39。s________I was born.” 答案 where [句意：奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說(shuō)：“那就是我出生的地方?！贝颂幙疾榈氖敲~性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句。] 5．Courage is a kind of quality ——and that39。s ________it takes to face thechallenges in what [句意：勇氣是一種好品質(zhì)，那就是面對(duì)生活中挑戰(zhàn)所需要的品質(zhì)。that39。s 后為表語(yǔ)從句，而且引導(dǎo)詞作從句中takes的賓語(yǔ)。故應(yīng)填what。] 6．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a what [句意：面對(duì)困難，你應(yīng)該相信你的自信會(huì)起很大作用。make a difference意為“起作用，有影響”；本句中“________makes a difference”是表語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閺木淙敝髡Z(yǔ)，故用what。] 7．Don39。t be most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move that [句意：不要難過(guò)，最重要的是我們必須從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。表語(yǔ)從句不缺任何成分，故填that。] 8．I39。m afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes why [句意：我覺(jué)得他說(shuō)得多做得少，這就是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容；在定語(yǔ)從句中，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填why。] 9．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not that [句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。此處為表語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] B．單句改錯(cuò)1．From space, the earth looks is why about seventy173。one percent of its surface is covered by 答案 why→because [句意：從太空看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s有71%的區(qū)域被水覆蓋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為表語(yǔ)從句，表示原因，故用because。because后加原因，why后加結(jié)果。因此把why改為because。] 2．Evidence has been found through years of study why children39。s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow 答案 why→that [句意：通過(guò)數(shù)年的研究，兒童早期睡眠問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)大后有可能繼續(xù)的證據(jù)已經(jīng)被找到了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面的部分是解釋說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容，是evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，故把why改為that。] 3．Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the 答案 what→that [句意：如果能稱(chēng)之為問(wèn)題的話(huà)，她唯一的問(wèn)題是她一直想成功。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。] 4．The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short 答案 what→how [句意：?jiǎn)栴}是我們?nèi)绾卧谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知，這里需要用連接副詞how來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。] 5．There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been 答案 that→whether [句意：即使所有的因素都考慮了，系統(tǒng)是否會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)仍有些疑問(wèn)。whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作doubt的同位語(yǔ)，whether表示“是否”。] 6．People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful 答案 whether→that [句意：全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，即永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)著和平的生活。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋名詞dream的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞智乙饬x完整，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 7．The expert39。s argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM readings has got much support from the 答案 what→that [句意：這個(gè)專(zhuān)家的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)得到了來(lái)自公眾的大力支持。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明argument的內(nèi)容，因從句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引導(dǎo)。]易錯(cuò)題一：名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[錯(cuò)解] It/That/Who [錯(cuò)因分析] 此處缺少主語(yǔ)，因此考生容易誤用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得體會(huì)][例2] I have no idea ________ he will e here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[錯(cuò)解] which/that/if [錯(cuò)因分析] 該題貌似定語(yǔ)從句，考生易誤填which/that。此外，一些考生也許一看到后面的“or not”容易誤填if。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，idea后面接一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，該從句是對(duì)idea的解釋說(shuō)明，且由后面的“or not”可知應(yīng)用whether。if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。[答案] whether [心得體會(huì)]易錯(cuò)題二：漏用關(guān)系詞[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[錯(cuò)解] that。what [錯(cuò)因分析] 許多同學(xué)一看便判斷出understood后為賓語(yǔ)從句，第一空誤填that。第二個(gè)空認(rèn)為said后缺賓語(yǔ)，填what。[答案] what。what [心得體會(huì)]易錯(cuò)題三：名詞性從句中用it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)[例] ________has b