【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 三類：動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for 。I wonder whether/if it is 。I wonder what I can do for 。He didn39。t tell me when we would meet 。Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能給我展示一下如何操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎？I don39。t know whom you should depend 。典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意：杰瑞不后悔給出評(píng)論，但是覺(jué)得自己本來(lái)可以用不同的方式來(lái)表達(dá)的。從句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的賓語(yǔ)，連接詞that在從句中不作成分。故填that。特別提醒that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常被省去，但下列情況下不能省略：①當(dāng)that從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；②動(dòng)詞后跟有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略；③賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；④that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí)。I know nothing about him except that he is from the ，我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知。He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn39。t use an umbrella when it was ，下雨天他都不愿打傘。We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with ，我們希望他和我們待在家里。That our team will win, I 。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。表疑問(wèn)的賓語(yǔ)從句需要運(yùn)用陳述句語(yǔ)序，但個(gè)別賓語(yǔ)從句本應(yīng)運(yùn)用陳述語(yǔ)序，但由于習(xí)慣而仍保持原疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序不變。I don39。t know what is the matter with the 。2 動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法(1)大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to ，學(xué)習(xí)是沒(méi)有捷徑的。(2)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：find發(fā)現(xiàn)feel感覺(jué)think認(rèn)為 consider考慮 believe相信 guess猜測(cè) suppose假定，設(shè)想 make使得I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every 。The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every ：30之前所有的清掃工作必須結(jié)束。(3)動(dòng)詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”，“厭惡”的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of 。I would appreciate it_if you can help ，我將不勝感激。典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意：你完全可以相信杰克的話，因?yàn)樗麖牟徽f(shuō)謊。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作rely on的賓語(yǔ)，what在從句中作says的賓語(yǔ)。介詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法(1)一般情況下介詞后只能接wh173。類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。He39。ll talk to us about what he saw in the 。典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意：當(dāng)她醒來(lái)時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己好像正站在一塊石頭上。stand on后接賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)，what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填what。(2)in, but, except 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，但此時(shí)介詞和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因?yàn)椋琤ut that要不是，except that除了。The high ine tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn ，因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉敢舛噘嶅X。He would have failed but_that you helped ，他會(huì)失敗的。(but that意為“若不是，要不是”)4 形容詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法(1)表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句，如：afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。I39。m very pleased that all of your family will 。I39。m sure that they39。ll make it in spite of the terrible ，但他們會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。(2)sure后賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that, whether, if的選擇。當(dāng)be sure用于肯定句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用that；當(dāng)be sure用于否定句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用whether或if。Are you sure that I won39。t bother you if I sit beside you? 你確定我坐在你旁邊不會(huì)打擾你嗎？I am not sure whether I should write to him or 。重難點(diǎn) 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。He says that he studies at school from Monday to 。He will tell us what happened to him during our 。(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday 。My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came 《紅與黑》這本書(shū)。(3)如果從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its didn39。t believe ，人們告訴我月亮自身不會(huì)發(fā)光，我不相信。特別提醒學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)的有關(guān)知識(shí)時(shí)要注意：若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))；若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)、格言、諺語(yǔ)、真理等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則的限制，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；若從句的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移(1)主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。I don39。t_think I can remember the 100 words within two 。I don39。t_suppose that he likes 。(2)含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)有兩種情況：若主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；若主句主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。I don39。t_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣，是嗎？You don39。t_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有通過(guò)這次考試，是嗎？“I don39。t think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，但是沒(méi)有“I don39。t hope/guess so.”，正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)為“I hope/guess not.”。[考法綜述] 考查賓語(yǔ)從句主要集中在對(duì)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各引導(dǎo)詞的考查上，以及it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句的考查。命題法 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞典例1 I truly believe ________beauty es from within.[答案] that 句意：我真的相信美是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________beauty es from within在句中作believe的賓語(yǔ)，是賓語(yǔ)從句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most [答案] what→how 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故把what改為how?！窘忸}法】(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主句謂語(yǔ)，判斷從句類別。掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義、功能上的差別。(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，要分析設(shè)空處在從句中的成分和意義，結(jié)合整個(gè)主句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，從而找到合適的引導(dǎo)詞。(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，先分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)，再分析從句的類別，熟記各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)，找出使用錯(cuò)誤的引導(dǎo)詞，并改正。A．單句填空1．The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air why [句意：該展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧┳柚箍諝馕廴?。根?jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。] 2．—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every how [根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“By working out every day”可知，空格處用how 來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示方式。] 3．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in what [句意：讀著她的自傳，我對(duì)Doris Lessing 在文學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷，for后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要用what。] 4．We must find out________Karl is ing, so we can book a room for when [句意：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來(lái)，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來(lái)這里的時(shí)間，故填when。] 5．Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for that [句意：蘇珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己開(kāi)始一種新的生活。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句為真正的賓語(yǔ)。從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整，故用that。] 6．After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the what [句意：長(zhǎng)途跋涉后，這些年輕人最終到達(dá)了他們稱之為天堂的地方?！癬_______they called the paradise”是賓語(yǔ)從句，作reach的賓語(yǔ)，在從句中call缺賓語(yǔ)，故用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)作從句中call的賓語(yǔ)。] 7．The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet whoever [句意：3G手機(jī)對(duì)于那些想要快速瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息的人來(lái)說(shuō)一定是非常方便實(shí)用的。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，且whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyone w