【正文】 ction of raw materials through the sale to the end user. SCM is the integration and coordination of these efforts. ? 每個(gè)組織如顧客或供應(yīng)商都是供應(yīng)鏈的一部份。供應(yīng)鏈包括需要製造一個(gè)完成品的所有過程，從原料的獲得透過銷售到終端使用者。 SCM是所有這些努力的整合和協(xié)調(diào)。 ? The bullwhip effect distorts product demand information passed between levels of the supply chain. The more levels that exist, the more distortion that is possible. Variability results from updating demand estimates at each level, order batching, price fluctuations, and rationing ? 長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)扭曲傳遞供應(yīng)鏈所有層級(jí)的產(chǎn)品需求資訊。層級(jí)愈多，扭曲可能性愈大。變異來自於在每一層級(jí)因更新需求估計(jì) 、批次訂單作業(yè) 、價(jià)格變動(dòng)、和配額供應(yīng)。 36 169。 2023 Wiley Chapter 4 Highlights (continued) ? Many issues affect supply chain management. The Inter, the WEB, EDI, intras, extras, barcode scanners, and POS data are SCM enablers. ? 許多議題都會(huì)影響供應(yīng)鏈管理。 Inter, WEB, EDI, intra, extra, 條碼掃瞄器、和 POS資料都是 SCM的賦予者 ? B2B and B2C electronic merce enable supply chain management. Net marketplaces bring together thousands or suppliers and customers. Allowing for efficient sourcing and lower transaction costs. ? B2B 和 B2C電子商務(wù)使 SCM成為可能。網(wǎng)路市場(chǎng)將成千上萬(wàn)供應(yīng)商和顧客聚集在一起。使取得原料更有效率和低交易成本成為可能。 37 169。 2023 Wiley Chapter 4 Highlights (continued) ? Global supply chains increase geographic distances between members, causing greater uncertainty in delivery times. ? 全球供應(yīng)鏈增加成員間的地理距離，導(dǎo)致遞送時(shí)間的不確定性。 ? Purchasing has a major role in SCM. Purchasing is involved in sourcing decisions and developing strategic longterm partnerships. ? SCM中採(cǎi)購(gòu)扮演主要的角色 。採(cǎi)購(gòu)包括商源決策和發(fā)展策略性長(zhǎng)期夥伴關(guān)係。 38 169。 2023 Wiley Chapter 4 Highlights (continued) ? Ethics in supply management is an ongoing concern. Since buyers are in a position to influence or award business, it is imperative that buyers avoid any appearance of uhical behavior or conflict of interest. ? 道德在供應(yīng)鏈管理是一直受到關(guān)注。因?yàn)橘I者是處?kù)队绊懟颢@得經(jīng)營(yíng)的位置，因此買者有義務(wù)避免出現(xiàn)不道德行為或利益衝突。 ? Companies make insourcing and outsourcing decisions. These makeorbuy decisions are based on financial and strategic criteria. ? 公司需執(zhí)行自製和外購(gòu)決策。這些決策是依據(jù)財(cái)務(wù)和策略準(zhǔn)則而決定 。 39 169。 2023 Wiley Chapter 4 Highlights (continued) ? Partnerships require sharing information, risks, technologies, and opportunities. Impact, intimacy, and vision are critical to successful partnering. ? 夥伴關(guān)係需要分享資訊 、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、技術(shù)、和機(jī)會(huì)。衝擊、親密關(guān)係、和願(yuàn)景是夥伴關(guān)係能否成功的關(guān)鍵。 ? Supply chain distribution requires effective warehousing operations. The warehouses provide transportation, consolidation, product mixing, and service. ? 供應(yīng)鏈配銷需要有效的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)作業(yè)。倉(cāng)庫(kù)提供運(yùn)輸 、合併、產(chǎn)品混合、和服務(wù)。 40 169。 2023 Wiley Chapter 4 Highlights (continued) ? Integrated SCM usually begins with the manufacturer integrating internal processes first. Then, the pany tries to integrate the external suppliers. The last step is integrating the external distributors. ? 整合 SCM通常開始於製造商先整合內(nèi)部流程，然後再與外部供應(yīng)商整合。最後再與外部配銷業(yè)者整合。 41 169。 2023 Wiley Chapter 4 Highlights (continued) ? A pany needs to evaluate the performance of its supply chain. Regular performance metrics (ROI, profitability, market share, customer service levels, etc.) and other measures that reflect the objectives of the SC are used. ? 公司需要評(píng)估所屬供應(yīng)鏈之績(jī)效。正規(guī)績(jī)效衡量 (ROI、獲利能力 、市場(chǎng)佔(zhàn)有率、顧客服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)等 )和其餘衡量通常是反映供應(yīng)鏈的目標(biāo)。 ? The emergence of marketplaces has significantly affected SCM. As supply chains bee longer, it is likely that supply chain velocity will decrease. It is possible that a more strategic and integrated approach is needed to advance SCM to the next level. ? 網(wǎng)路市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)對(duì)於 SCM產(chǎn)生重大影響。當(dāng)供應(yīng)鏈愈長(zhǎng) ，供應(yīng)鏈速度可能降低。因此，需要一個(gè)更策略和整合方法以使 SCM能提昇到下一個(gè)層級(jí)。 42 169。 2023 Wiley The End ? Copyright 169。 2023 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United State Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make backup copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein. 43 169。 2023 Wiley 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！