【正文】 chain where real demand meets the plan. Upstream from this point everything is driven by a forecast and /or a plan. Downstream we can respond to customer demand. 在物流鏈中需求與計劃達成一致的點。預測或計劃驅動著需求滲透點上游的活動，下游所做的就是對客戶需求做出反應。 Question 2 ? What’ s the key concern of logistics management? ? How to achieve it? ? A key concern of logistics management should be to seek to identify ways in which the demand peration point can be pushed as far as possible upstream. ? This might be achieved by the use of information so that manufacturing and purchasing get to hear of what is happening in the marketplace faster than they currently do. ? The other route to achieving an upstream shift of the order peration point is by postponing the final mitment of the product to its final form. ? Following figure illustrates a range of possible demand peration points in different industrial and market contexts. . Driven By forecast Driven By demand plant Distribution central warehouse depots 需求滲透點和戰(zhàn)略庫存 Demand peration point and strategic inventory In a sense the information we receive, if we only have the order to rely on, is like the tip of an iceberg. the order cycle time (. the required response time from order to delivery) may only be the visible tip. 在某種意義上，如果我們僅僅依賴手頭的訂單，則所獲得的信息猶如冰山一角。訂貨周期時間也可能僅僅是信息冰山上可視的一角。 The area below the surface of the iceberg represents the ongoing consumption, demand or usage of the product which is hidden from the view of the supplier. It is only when an order is issued that demand bees transparent. 海平面以下的部分代表著未來的消費、需求或者使用產品的信息，而這些統(tǒng)統(tǒng)是在供應商的視野之外的。只有當訂單發(fā)出之時，需求才變得透明。 The information iceberg Order cycle time Actual usage/ demand The order 訂單處理周期 未來實際使用、需求 There are now sighs that buyers and suppliers are recognizing the opportunities for mutual advantage in information on requirements can be shared on a continuing basis. 有跡象表明，購買者和供應者正意識到如果雙方能持續(xù)共享需求信息的話，這對于彼此雙方都是有利的 Zara case study ◆ Background of Zara ◆ target market ? International market position ? Operating strategy ? Design trends Successful for some reasons: on the dual objectives of working without stocks and responding quickly to market need. one of the most effective quickresponsive systems in its industry. costs are kept to a minimum because Zara pays only for the plete garments. Zara’ s supply chain Finished products Summary ? The ability to move quickly is critical。 ? The search is for logistics solutions that are more responsive but lowcost。 ? Time pression in the pipeline has the potential both to speed up response times and to reduce supply chain cost。 ? The key to reach this dual goals is through focusing on the reduction of nonvalue adding time and particularly time spend as inventory。 ? Leadtime reduction has bee focal point. ? 快速反應能力是至關重要的。 ? 尋求以低成本作出更快反應的物流方案。 ? 壓縮供應鏈時間對快速反應和縮減供應鏈成本具有很大潛力。 ? 實現這兩個目標的關鍵是縮減非增值時間，尤其是縮短庫存時間。 ? 縮短前置時間已經成為關注的焦點。 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！