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ation is made up of work groups or selfmanaged teams of empowered employees. ?Matrix and project structures ?Specialists for different functional departments are assigned to work on projects led by project managers. ?Matrix participants have two managers. ?Project structures ?Employees work continuously on projects。 moving on to another project as each project is pleted. 21 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Organizational Designs (cont’d) ?Contemporary Organizational Designs (cont’d) ?Boundaryless Organization ?An flexible and unstructured anizational design that is intended to break down external barriers between the anization and its customers and suppliers. ?Removes internal (horizontal) boundaries – Eliminates the chain of mand – Has limitless spans of control – Uses empowered teams rather than departments ?Eliminates external boundaries – Uses virtual, work, and modular anizational structures to get closer to stakeholders. 22 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Removing Boundaries ? Virtual Organization ? An anization that consists of a small core of fulltime employees and that temporarily hires specialists to work on opportunities that arise. ? Network Organization ? A small core anization that outsources its major business functions (., manufacturing) in order to concentrate what it does best. ? Modular Organization ? A manufacturing anization that uses outside suppliers to provide product ponents for its final assembly operations. 23 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Organizational Designs (cont’d) ? The Learning Organization ?An anization that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change through the practice of knowledge management by employees. ?Characteristics of a learning anization ?An open teambased anization design that empowers employees ?Extensive and open information sharing ?Leadership that provides a shared vision of the anization’s future, support and encouragement ?A strong culture of shared values, trust, openness, and a sense of munity. 24 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * 演講完畢,謝謝觀看!