organizationalstructureanddesign10(文件)
【正文】 phy ? Process ? Grouping jobs on the basis of product or customer flow ? Customer ? Grouping jobs by type of customer and needs 7 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Organization Structure (cont’d) ? Centralization ?The degree to which decisionmaking is concentrated at a single point in the anizations. ?Organizations in which top managers make all the decisions and lowerlevel employees simply carry out those orders. ? Decentralization ?Organizations in which decisionmaking is pushed down to the managers who are closest to the action. ? Employee Empowerment ?Increasing the decisionmaking, 11 Copyright 169。 mechanistic structures need stable environments. 14 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Structural Contingency Factors (cont’d) ? Environmental Uncertainty and Structure ?Mechanistic anizational structures tend to be most effective in stable and simple environments. ?The flexibility of anic anizational structures is better suited for dynamic and plex environments. 18 Copyright 169。 moving on to another project as each project is pleted. 21 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！ 。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Removing Boundaries ? Virtual Organization ? An anization that consists of a small core of fulltime employees and that temporarily hires specialists to work on opportunities that arise. ? Network Organization ? A small core anization that outsources its major business functions (., manufacturing) in order to concentrate what it does best. ? Modular Organization ? A manufacturing anization that uses outside suppliers to provide product ponents for its final assembly operations. 23 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Organizational Designs ? Traditional Designs ?Simple structure ?Low departmentalization, wide spans of control, centralized authority, little formalization ?Functional structure ?Departmentalization by function – Operations, finance, human resources, and product research and development ?Divisional structure ?Composed of separate business units or divisions with limited
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