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y, priority of decisions made Management Games ? Simulate pany or industry situations ? Emphasize problem solving Behavior Modeling ? Learning through observation or imagination ? Used in leadership training 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1139 LECTUREDISCUSSION ? Most frequently used method ? Classroom presentations by outside consultants/trainers ? More recently presented via technology or distance learning OUTDOORORIENTED PROGRAMS ? Actionoriented programs ? Emphasize leadership, teamwork and risktaking ? Combine outdoor skills and classroom seminars 工作外的訓(xùn)練 (Off the Job Training) Motivation 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1140 Inter (External) Intras (Internal) Virtual Reality Distance Learning 電腦輔助的訓(xùn)練 (ComputerAssisted Instruction) 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1141 ? Compare costs/benefits of using various technology media and services ? Generate a tracking and reporting system focused on various facets of validity ? Reassess the value or return on investment of the training program ? Familiarize yourself with the technology being considered ? Understand basic learning principles ? Define the target employee group ? Determine training needs from performance analysis ? Define training goals or results 電腦輔助的訓(xùn)練 : 問(wèn)題與建議 (Issues and Remendations) 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1142 GOAL SETTING (目標(biāo)管理 ) ? Goals and intentions are primary determinants of behavior ? Attributes of goals include: ?Specificity (清晰度 ) ?Difficulty (困難度 ) ?Intensity (強(qiáng)度 ) ? Under the right conditions, can be very effective BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION (行為修正 ) ? Systematic reinforcement of desirable anizational behavior ? Assumes reinforcement is an important principle of learning 員工發(fā)展計(jì)畫(huà) : 個(gè)人方面 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1143 員工發(fā)展計(jì)畫(huà) : 團(tuán)隊(duì)方面 團(tuán)隊(duì)建立 (TEAM BUILDING) ? Developmental process ? Helps or prepares workers to perform more efficiently or effectively in groups ? Technique must be tailored to fit the needs and problems of groups involved ? Some observers suggest teams are the wave of the future 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1144 全面品質(zhì)管理 (TQM) ? Philosophy, process and set of principles ? Goal is continuous improvement ? Involves considerable change in attitudes, munication, employee involvement mitment ? Top management must initiate and support such change 員工發(fā)展計(jì)畫(huà) : 組織方面 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1145 有高興嗎 ? happy? 有教到嗎 ? Do what is supposed to do ? 有用到嗎 ? Are the concepts used? 有影響嗎 ? Impact? 教育訓(xùn)練的評(píng)估 衡量訓(xùn)練效果的四個(gè)層次 (Kirkpatrick, 1959) 反應(yīng) Reaction 學(xué)習(xí) Learning 行為 Behavior 結(jié)果 Results 報(bào)償制度 (二 ) 國(guó)立中山大學(xué)企業(yè)管理系 . 1146 演講完畢,謝謝觀看!