【正文】 tre of New York’s Harlem pulsed with the music that had bee a symbol of the times. Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of “the beautiful and damned”, drowning in their pleasures.二、代表作家：Ezra Pound 詩人 ①Imagism 意象派的代表人物。Pound and Eliot became the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of literary reference as an imaginative instrument. 龐德和愛略特都是運用意象主義作為文學表現(xiàn)手法的早期詩人。 ②major work of poetry is the long poem called “The Cantos”Robert Frost 自然主義詩人 poet ①詩歌特點和內(nèi)容：(1)rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead “the oldfashioned way to be new.” He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative. (2)He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol. (3)His concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties, and his poetry, for all its apparent simplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed. ②he bee a national bard美國民族詩人的翹首, win four Pulitzer Prizes獲得了四次普利茲獎. ③“The Road Not Taken”、“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”向往大自然，想逃避社會；死亡、迷惑Wallace Stevens 詩人 ①His work is primarily motivated by the belief that “ideas of order,” that is ,true ideas, correspond with an innate order in nature and universe, and that it is the high privilege of individuals and mankind to discover this correspondence. 作品動機起源于秩序理念，他的秩序就是真理，就是自然與宇宙天然一致的次序，是人類與個體發(fā)現(xiàn)這種一致性的特權(quán)。 ②代表作：“The Man with the Blue Guitar”《帶藍吉他的人》； “Necessary Angel”《必要的天使》，collection of his occasional lectures on poetry詩歌的評論. “Anecdote of the Jar”《壇子的軼事》jar – man made – art, wildness – nature, jar bring order/meaning to the nature, 藝術(shù)到自然的秩序， integrated 統(tǒng)一體 ③特點：(1)he adopted a variety of experimental styles, created poetic surfaces of Frenchified elegance, exotic imagery, odd sounds, curious analogies, and inscrutable 。 (2)he confronted the contemporary abandonment of traditional values and sought to e to terms with the confusions of his time. The problem of the interrelation between the ideal and the real became a constant theme in his later 。 (3)a series of oppositions between inner and outer worlds – between subject and object, perceiver and perceived, fiction and fact, “imagination and reality”(想象與現(xiàn)實)★Thomas Stearns Eliot 現(xiàn)代主義代言人 ①多重身份：poet詩人, critic評論家, playwright劇作家 ②代表作： “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”poems，holds its place in the development of Eliot’s poetry as a whole. “Tradition and the Individual Talent”essay,隨筆《傳統(tǒng)和個人天才》, the earliest statement of his aesthetics第一次闡釋了自己的審美觀點. provided a useful instrument for modern 。 “The Waste Land”《荒原》one of the major works of modern literature. Use a new form — the orchestration of related themes in successive movement. 新的文學形式即相關(guān)的主題在連續(xù)運動中構(gòu)成交響效果。 “Four Quartets”《四個四重奏》poem “Murder in the Cathedral”，poetic tragedy, 詩歌悲詩, a drama(戲劇) of impressive spiritual ③作品特點： (1) concerns various aspects of the frustration and enfeeblement of individual character as seen in perspective with the decay of states, peoples, and religious ，正確思索了國家、人民、宗教信仰等的喪失。 (2)poem conceived as a made object, an organic thing in itself, whose concrete elements are true correlatives of the artist’s imagination and experience with respect to that ，詩歌的具體元素與藝術(shù)家的想象和經(jīng)歷密切相關(guān)，也與詩歌相一致。 (3)The degree to which fusion and concentration of intellect, feeling, and experience were achieved was Eliot’s criterion for judging the 、情感、體驗的融合與集中程度是愛略特判定詩歌好壞的標準。F. Scott Fitzgerald novelist 小說家 ①作品：“This Side of Paradise”《人間天堂》，the first novel. “The Great Gatsby” 《了不起的蓋茨比》 novel “Tender Is the Night” 《夜色溫柔》 novel ②第二本小說的開展過程：dream夢想 → Daisy selfcentered 理想化的淑女，自我為中心 → disenchantment, disillusion魔法消失，(因階級差異)夢想破滅 → sense of failure and despair (light)失敗和絕望 Ash 灰(象征) → forest樹木，西部開發(fā)，樹木變成灰了 ③limited point of view有限視角 → suspense懸念 + mystery神秘真實性→reliable可信的，不偏，不評價Ernest Hemingway novelist 小說家 ①寫作特點：(1)he developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simply sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic ，認為報告文學句子結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單，用語要節(jié)制，想象要簡練，要采用不受感情影響的、戲劇化的語調(diào)。 (2) His primary concern was an individual’s “moment of truth,” and his fascination with the threat of physical, emotional, of psychic death is reflected in his lifelong preoccupation with stories of “真理的瞬時性”，癡迷于描寫肉體情感方面面臨的威脅和心靈死亡等主題。 (3) man’s greatest achievement is to show grace under pressure作品主題, or purity of line through the maximum of exposure最大限度地挖掘自己使自己成為一個純粹的人. ②代表作：“The Sun Also Rises” Hemingway became the spokesman for “a lost generation” “A Farewell to Arms”、“For Whom the Bell Tolls”、“The Old Man and the Sea”John Steinbeck ①the foremost novelist of the American 。 ②代表作：“Of Mice and Men”《人鼠之間》 portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers“The Grapes of Wrath”《憤怒的葡萄》regarded as masterpiece 視為杰作。William Faulkner ①作品的主題：the universal theme of “the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself”人類心靈與自己沖突是宇宙永恒的主題。 ②作品：“The Sound and the Fury”《喧囂與騷動》成名作、“Absalom, Absalom!”、“Go Down, Moses” ③narrative method敘述方法:stream of consciousness 意識流 multiple point of view, narrator多角度，多個敘述者10