【正文】 的方程式；而這個得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個不完美的近似值，趨近于無窮無盡的一整套量子場論方程式。 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略解釋：讀到此句時，數(shù)學(xué)家不見得震驚，暈倒的考生恐怕不在少數(shù)。不但句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且羅列了大量的專有名詞。對于不是理科的同學(xué)來講，在閱讀這篇文章的現(xiàn)場清楚地明白應(yīng)該讀到什么程度遠(yuǎn)比研究這些生僻的專有名詞更重要。其實是否知道薛定鄂方程對讀者來說并不見得重要，GRE考試的出題者也不見得知道它；關(guān)鍵是要讀懂句子的主要意思；數(shù)學(xué)家不能理解不精確和近似值的偉大意義。不過在本書中，出現(xiàn)的句子均以閱讀訓(xùn)練為目的，所以讀者仍要把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)讀清楚。主句中的主語it是一個開工主語，其具體的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是從to learn開始一直到句子結(jié)束的長達(dá)八行的不定式，但是此不定式實在太長，如果放在句首則句子無法平衡。Learn后面帶著兩個以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，中間以分號和and分開，可以把分號以后的句子看成是and it may e as a shock to mathematicians to learn that的省略形式。意群訓(xùn)練：Thus, for instance, it may e as a shock to mathematiians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects。 and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum fieldtheoretical equations.19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is　convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on　which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. （5+）物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無誤的論據(jù)不無道理，因為某種只有在它是精確無誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會失去它一部的作用；而與此相反，一個盡管并不精確無誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)（underlying assumption）稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾解釋：本句在文章中就是一個自然段，雖然長度比不上前面第一章中所舉的那個長達(dá)10行的例子，但是難度絕不在那句話之下。本句堪稱句子的大雜燴，連主句帶從句居然一共有八個。從大往小說，由whereas連接了兩個大句子，whereas后面的句子中的主語an augument之后又跟了一個定語從句that is convincing though imprecise， 修飾augument。whereas前面共有六個句子，由the physicist作主語的主句；由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾since從句中主語an augument的由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此定語從句中的條件狀語從句only if it is precise。 since從句中的條件狀語從句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語assumptions的定語從句on which it is based一共八個句子，從句套從句，實在令人嘆為觀止。然而，在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目，是只有呆子才會干的事，讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話，什么時候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂，才算初步掌握；再進(jìn)一步把它讀順，直到你看不出這個句子有什么特別的地方，看上去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。意群訓(xùn)練：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.20. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. （4）起初，藍(lán)襪女們確實模仿了法國沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體，并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識，而這種意識在法國沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無存，因為她們每個人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開來。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾解釋：本句讀到表示并列的連詞and開始變難。and之后的不定式與前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一個與前面一樣的謂語came。　lacking之后的分詞作定語修飾a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句又修飾逗號前面的salonnieres此從句中又有一個定語從句that each salonniere held in her own salon修飾其前的primacy,但是由于引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語，因此被省略。意群訓(xùn)練：However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestocking came to regard themselves as a women39。s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.21. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional　　similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. （5）隨著我的研究不斷深入，我對昆蟲和脊椎動物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻，而對結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠，雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略解釋：本句子的中間一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences容易令人看暈，其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由兩個and連接了三個部分，然而它們其實不是同一層次的并列，第一個and實際上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分，是并列的，而and之后的less so with其實是對于一個完整的表達(dá)方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式，去掉了與前面重復(fù)的成分。后面修飾的structural differences的定語從句that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them中，又出現(xiàn)了一個別扭的插入語at first glance，把應(yīng)該連在一起的seem to 粗暴地分開，令人不熟悉此類難句的人倍感不適。意群訓(xùn)練：As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constiture such an immense gulf between them.22. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.（4） 雖然小說無疑起源于政治情狀，但其作者則是以非意識形態(tài)的方式對這些政治情狀作出反應(yīng)的，而將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識形態(tài)的工具來探討，會在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾解釋：本句從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上來講，惟一的難度在于and之后的句子的主語talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太長，以至于看到謂語circumvent的時候已經(jīng)搞不清楚主謂了。更大的難度恐怕還在于對兩個詞匯的理解circumvent和enterprise。我們以前所背過的circumvent有兩個詞義，一個是規(guī)避，一是以計謀戰(zhàn)勝，但是這兩種意思放到此處都顯然不通；其實circumvent有一個我們沒有背過的最常用的意思是包圍、限制或陷害；至于enterprise常用的意思是企業(yè)，這里的指事業(yè)。意群訓(xùn)練：Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic？ （3）這究竟是一種缺陷呢，還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系？難句類型：插入語解釋：本句的句子既短，意思也不難理解，但插入語(or trying to forge)的干擾作用卻極強(qiáng)。意群訓(xùn)練：Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism 。 does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are p