【正文】
對(duì)公司總價(jià)值進(jìn)行評(píng)估比單純的僅對(duì)只含流通股的公司價(jià)值進(jìn)行評(píng)估更準(zhǔn)確;(2)考慮非流通股的價(jià)值后,基于營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)和利潤(rùn)總額的比率評(píng)估準(zhǔn)確性降低了,其中,市值/,而市值/;(3)當(dāng)考慮了非流通股的價(jià)值后,調(diào)整后的比率的評(píng)估準(zhǔn)確性有所提高,其中,基于利潤(rùn)的比率評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性提高得較為明顯;(4)考慮了非流通股的價(jià)值后,股票價(jià)格定價(jià)的準(zhǔn)確性顯著提高了。股票價(jià)格是投資者對(duì)公司投資前景的認(rèn)定,它取決于公司的盈利能力,由于流通股無法反映公司完整的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況,采用比率法對(duì)流通股的價(jià)格進(jìn)行定價(jià)時(shí),因流通股的比例的差異,即使可比公司與目標(biāo)公司具有相同的價(jià)值動(dòng)因,也很難評(píng)估流通股的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。當(dāng)考慮非流通股的價(jià)值后,對(duì)加權(quán)股價(jià)的評(píng)估事實(shí)上是反映公司整體的投資價(jià)值,此時(shí),目標(biāo)公司和可比公司在經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、利潤(rùn)收益上的類似和差異性才能反映到加權(quán)股價(jià)上。六、結(jié) 論本文將幾種比率工具對(duì)公司價(jià)值評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行了比較,討論了用比率評(píng)估中國(guó)上市公司價(jià)值的實(shí)用性及局限性。利用比率工具對(duì)滬深兩市A股上市公司的定價(jià)分析中,我們證實(shí)了一些經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者和學(xué)術(shù)研究者所感興趣的結(jié)論。1.一般說來,所有比率工具所產(chǎn)生誤差的正負(fù)是不明確的,但是用均值衡量偏差比用中位數(shù)衡量偏差要準(zhǔn)確得多。2.比率對(duì)不含非流通股時(shí)的公司價(jià)值的評(píng)估結(jié)果和對(duì)包含非流通股時(shí)的公司價(jià)值的評(píng)估結(jié)果不完全一致。包含非流通股時(shí)的公司價(jià)值評(píng)估中,基于資產(chǎn)帳面值和利潤(rùn)總額的比率準(zhǔn)確性較高,而基于營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)的比率準(zhǔn)確性最低。而在包含非流通股時(shí)的公司總價(jià)值的評(píng)估中,基于主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入和利潤(rùn)總額的比率準(zhǔn)確性較高,而基于主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)利潤(rùn)和營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)的比率準(zhǔn)確性最低。3.基于公司現(xiàn)金流及其等價(jià)物的調(diào)整,提高了不含非流通股的公司價(jià)值評(píng)估中基于利潤(rùn)的比率定價(jià)的準(zhǔn)確性,但對(duì)于包含非流通股時(shí)的公司總價(jià)值評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性沒有多大改善。4.采用預(yù)期收益要比當(dāng)期收益可以使市盈率的定價(jià)更準(zhǔn)確;凈利潤(rùn)的正負(fù)不會(huì)影響基于收入和利潤(rùn)的比率工具定價(jià)的準(zhǔn)確性。 參考文獻(xiàn):[1]范鈦,張明善,舒建平.中國(guó)證券市場(chǎng)分割的理論與對(duì)策研究與對(duì)策研[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革,2003,(5):8285.[2]陸敏.企業(yè)價(jià)值評(píng)估方法及其在我國(guó)的應(yīng)用前景[J].國(guó)際金融研究,2002,(6):1922.[3]陸宇峰,何旭強(qiáng).資產(chǎn)重組股票的價(jià)值評(píng)估[J].金融研究,1999,(2):4851.[4]汪文忠.DCF方法的局限性研究[J].中國(guó)軟科學(xué),2002,(2):111115.[5]張人驥,劉浩,胡曉斌.充分利用會(huì)計(jì)信息的企業(yè)價(jià)值評(píng)估模型——RIR模型的建立與應(yīng)用[J].財(cái)經(jīng)研究,2002,(7):6874.[6]Alford,A. .The effect of the set of parable firms on the accuracy of the priceearnings valuation method[J].Journal of Accounting Research,Vol.30,():94—108.[7]Bergerr,., and . Diversification’s effect on firm value. Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.37,() :317—345. [8]Cooper,., Dmitrov , and . Rau.A Rose. cornm by Any other name.Journal of Finance,Vol.65,(December.2001):238—288.[9]Glison,.,and .Valuation of bankrupt firms. Review of Financial Studies,Vol.13,(Spring.2001):43—74.[10]Hotchkiss,.,and . Acquisition as a means of restructuring firms in chapter II.Journal of Financial Intermediation , ,(July.1998):241—262.[11]Kaplan,.,and .The valuation of cash flow forecasts an empirical analysts.Journal of Finance,Vol.50,(September.1995):1059—1093.[12]Kim,M.,and . Ritter.Valuing IPOs.Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.53,(September.1999 ):409—437.The Application of Multiples in Evaluating the Listed FirmsDU Jiang1,ZHAO Changwen2,XIE Zhichao1(1.School of Economy 。 2.School of Business Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China)Abstract: Our research discusses the application of various multiples used to estimate the values of listed firms in China. We found, first, it is not coincident for the multiples to be used evaluate the market value in the current market and the total market value of the listed panies. And the veracities of various multiples exist difference. Second, after adjusting for pany’s cash level, the preciseness of the rations based on profits in the process of evaluating the market value in the current market is improved. Finally, the preciseness of the ones in the process of evaluating the total market value is not improved. Key words: Multiples;Evaluation;Listed Firms;Value Driver11 / 11