【正文】 19 ] 高廣軍.《建筑工程項目風(fēng)險管理應(yīng)對策略》遼寧經(jīng)濟(jì)，2008[ 20 ] 李波.《建設(shè)工程項目風(fēng)險管理與控制》科技資訊，2010[ 21 ] 陳建平.《重大工程項目風(fēng)險管理研究 》北京航空航天大學(xué)，2008[ 22 ] 竇連輝,林娟.《工程項目的全面風(fēng)險管理科技與管理》，2009[ 23 ] 陳守科,韋灼彬.《建設(shè)項目風(fēng)險管理的發(fā)展方向建筑經(jīng)濟(jì)》，2008[ 24 ] 邱苑華.《現(xiàn)代項目風(fēng)險管理方法與實(shí)踐》科學(xué)出版社，2009[ 25 ] 尹志軍等.《我國工程項目風(fēng)險管理進(jìn)展研究》基建優(yōu)化，2009[ 26 ] 張衛(wèi)東.《 工程項目風(fēng)險管理的現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)對措施》中國工程咨詢，2009[ 27 ] 郭平.《 論工程項目的風(fēng)險管理》四川建筑，2008[ 28 ] L Y Shen, Project risk management in Hong Kong, International Journal of Project Management，2008[ 29 ] Willam K. L. Chan, Francis . Wong, David Scott. Management Construction projects in Chinathe Transitional Period in the Millennium. International Journal of Project Management，2009[ 30] 譚立新.《建筑施工企業(yè)風(fēng)險管理》[J]中外公路，2006 致 謝四年的讀書生活在這個季節(jié)即將劃上一個句號，而于我的人生卻只是一個逗號，我將面對又一次征程的開始。四年的求學(xué)生涯在師長、親友的大力支持下，走得辛苦卻也收獲滿囊，謹(jǐn)在此表達(dá)一下對所有關(guān)心和幫助過我的老師、同學(xué)和親友的感謝。首先要感謝的是老師，在求學(xué)的路上，老師給了我很多的教誨和幫助，畢業(yè)論文的選題、開題、寫作到完成，無不包含了老師對我的悉心指導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)師的耕耘貫穿于論文的始末，反映于論文的字里行間。老師淵博的專業(yè)知識，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度，精益求精的工作作風(fēng)，誨人不倦的高尚師德對我影響深遠(yuǎn)。不僅使我樹立了遠(yuǎn)大的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，還使我明白了許多待人接物與為人處世的道理。再次感謝管理學(xué)院的各位老師。是老師們的諄諄教導(dǎo)、辛勤汗水激發(fā)了我對知識的渴求，在尋求知識的旅途中給我指點(diǎn)方向，讓我堅實(shí)地邁出每一步。我深深地向老師們致敬，并由衷的感謝老師們讓我深切的體會到“礪器悟道”的深刻含義。還要感謝我的同學(xué)和朋友們。良師引路，摯友相伴。在大學(xué)校園生活中，他們在我需要幫助的時候給予我無盡的關(guān)懷和幫助，真摯的友誼令我留下了最美好的回憶。 “可憐天下父母心”，在我告別學(xué)習(xí)生涯之時，請容許我向我最愛的家人表示誠摯的謝意，感謝我的爸爸，媽媽，正是因?yàn)橛心銈兊墓膭詈椭С?，才有了今天的我，你們的?xì)心關(guān)懷、無私奉獻(xiàn)給予了我在人生道路上勇往直前的不竭動力和信心，是我生命中最厚重的饋贈。離開遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)，是我學(xué)生生涯的暫時結(jié)束，也是我新生活的起點(diǎn)。生命不息，學(xué)習(xí)不止，人生就是一個不斷學(xué)習(xí)和完善的過程，我會繼續(xù)努力，好好學(xué)習(xí)！好好工作！好好生活！謹(jǐn)以此文留念。 高 鋮 2011年6月遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)附 錄Risk and Safety in Civil EngineeringDuring the last decade there has been an increasing societal concern on sustainable developments focusing on the conservation of the environment, the welfare and safety of the individual and at the same time the optimal allocation of the available natural and economical resources of society. This problem plex may easily be realised to be a plex decision problem highly influenced by the possible consequences of our actions and the probabilities that these consequences will occur – the product of which is known as the risk. The continued development of society demands that we are able to manage the prevailing natural and manmade risks in a conscious, consistent and rational manner. According to fundamental principles of decision theory this is a prerequisite for the success of society. Managing risks is a matter of choice on how to allocate the available resources of society. A choice, which cannot be seen in isolation from the qualities on which we base society, . the right to equal opportunities, education, welfare and safety. The question is and should always be – how can the resources of society best be allocated in accordance with these qualities. In this light risk management on behalf of society should be seen as a very serious matter and decision makers at all levels in society thus carry a tremendous responsibility. Risk management concerns the analysis, assessment and decisionmaking in regard to the risks involved in a given activity or associated with a given hazard. The risk management process includes the joint consideration of all uncertainties prevailing the problem and all possible consequences. Several important tasks are lying ahead, not least in the area of civil engineering. As always new civil engineering projects should be planned, designed and executed in a cost optimal manner taking into consideration the benefit of the projects as well as the possible adverse consequences such as loss of lives, damage to the environment and of course the direct safeguarding, maintenance and demissioning of the infrastructure of society will even more likely demand an intensified focus on risks. Not least in the view of the seemingly ongoing and expected climatic changes and the enormous efforts they may initiate to safeguard our existing infrastructure. The methods of risk and reliability analysis in civil engineering, mainly developed during the last three decades, are increasingly gaining importance as decision support tools in civil engineering applications. Their value in connection with the quantification and documentation of risks and the planning of risk reducing and mitigating measures is by now fully appreciated in the civil engineering profession. In the time to e the importance of risk and reliability methods will increase for the civil engineer – a fact reflected by the increasing normative and legislative requirements for the documentationof acceptable risks in the planning and execution of civil engineering activities.Risk and reliability analysis is in fact a multidisciplinary engineering field requiring a solid foundation in one or several classical civil engineering disciplines in addition to a thorough understanding of probability, reliability analysis and decision analysis.Definition of Risk and Detailing of the Risk AnalysisIn daily conversation risk is a rather monly used notion used interchangeably with words like chance, likelihood and probability to indicate that we are uncertain about the state of the activity, item or issue under discussion. Even though we may understand from the context of discussion what is meant by the different words it is necessary in the context of engineering decision making that we are precise in our understanding of risk. As we shall see in a later chapter risk is to be understood as the expected consequences associated with a given activity, the activity being . the construction, operation and demissioning of a power plant.Considering an activity with only one event with potential consequences C .The risk R is thus the probability that this event will occur P multiplied with the consequences given the event occurs .R = P﹒C ()Risk analysis as we shall see might be performed at various levels of detail. Therefore for the purpose of municating the results of a risk analysis it is important that the degree of detailing used for the analysis is indicated a