【正文】 linear structure. Ptime is less rigid and clockbound. It features several activities at the same time and time is perceived as more flexible and more humancentered.2. What are the social functions of pliments?(贊美的社會(huì)功能是什么？)Creating or reinforcing(加固） solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批評）,starting a conversation, or even overing embarrassment（窘迫）.2. How is the Chinese writing style different the American writing style?The Chinese employ a circular approach in writing. In this kind of indirect writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre’. The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly. A paragraph is set off by an indentation of its first sentences or by some other conventional devise, such as extra space between paragraphs.In contrast, the Americans are direct and linear in writing. An English expository paragraph usually begins with a topic statement, and then, by a series of subdivisions of that topic statement, each supported by example and illustrations, proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay, and to employ that idea in proper relationship with the other ideas, to prove something, or perhaps to argue something.4. What different worldview can be drive from Buddhism（佛教） and Christianity（基督教）?Buddhists do not believe in a god or gods who created the world. However, they do believe that there is a supreme and wonderful truth that words cannot teach, and ritual cannot attain.Buddhists are not favorably disposed to the notion of free enterprise and the pursuit of material wellbeing. Seen from a western worldview, having no desires adversely affects motives for personal enrichment and growth generally. Thus, little support is accorded to free enterprise.Christianity recognizes the importance of work and free ownership of property. Protestant, in particular, sees the salvation of the individual through hard work and piety.5. What is the American cultural value like in terms of value orientation?（美國文化價(jià)值取向）As far as the human nature is concerned, the American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work.As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer the nature.They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are futureoriented.They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group. the contents of …1)Chronemics:The study of how people perceive and use (1)Monochronic Time:paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.(2)Polychronic Time:being involved with many things at once.2)Proxemics:the perception and use of 3)Kinetics:the study of body 4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal munication. the meaning of some mon gestures in English ①good luck②feel surprised③I don39。t know④Pardon! Can39。t hear⑤That39。s enough, Please over⑥thambdowm⑦Sth strange/odd⑧Come here⑨in the ., meaning OK⑩in Italy, meaning Hero. in ., goodbye⑾Oh, I forgot⑿Slow down/Relax/Wait a second.8..What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么會(huì)影響性別社會(huì)化）There are two primary influences on gender socialization:family munication,particularly between mothers and children,and recreational interaction among children.9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low contexgt culture.（討論高、低語境）Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others,the vurden of smooth munication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.The Western municative mode is primarily(直接） direct,explicit（明確）,and verbal,relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking， the task of municating effectively lies primarily on the speaker. is gender different from sex?Sex:biological, permanent, with an individual propertyGender:sociallyconstructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality principles for Effective Crossgender Comunication(六條有效的跨性別交際原則)1)Suspend judgement 2)Recognize the validity of different munication styles 3)Provide translation cues 4)Seek translation cues 5)Enlarge your own munication style 6)Suspend judgement1. 若不給自己設(shè)限，則人生中就沒有限制你發(fā)揮的藩籬。2. 若不是心寬似海，哪有人生風(fēng)平浪靜。在紛雜的塵世里，為自己留下一片純靜的心靈空間，不管是潮起潮落，也不管是陰晴圓缺，你都可以免去浮躁，義無反顧，勇往直前，輕松自如地走好人生路上的每一步3. 花一些時(shí)間，總會(huì)看清一些事。用一些事情，總會(huì)看清一些人。有時(shí)候覺得自己像個(gè)神經(jīng)病。既糾結(jié)了自己，又打擾了別人。努力過后，才知道許多事情，堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持，就過來了。4. 歲月是無情的，假如你丟給它的是一片空白，它還給你的也是一片空白。歲月是有情的，假如你奉獻(xiàn)給她的是一些色彩，它奉獻(xiàn)給你的也是一些色彩。你必須努力，當(dāng)有一天驀然回首時(shí)，你的回憶里才會(huì)多一些色彩斑斕，少一些蒼白無力。只有你自己才能把歲月描畫成一幅難以忘懷的人生畫卷。學(xué)習(xí)參