【正文】 meant to identify 18th century types and hopefully provide modern varietal equivalents to better interpret this very important group of plants in our gardens. Late season Round and Flatsided Cabbages:This is the oldest group of cabbages and prise the larger and later varieties of heading cabbages. Heading cabbages are known in Germany by 1150 and may have been introduced into England as early as the 14th century. An early reference that seems to distinguish between cabbageand colewort (coleworts were probably known in England by the first century AD) es in William Caxton39。s Vitas patrum (1495), He laboured the gardins, sewe the seedes for cabochis, and coleworts. The first use of the scientific name for cabbage is found in John Baret39。s An alvearie or triple dictionarie (1580), Cabage or cole cabege, brassica capitata. However, the first cabbages in England may have been of a very primitive form or perhaps of limited distribution in England until late in the 16th century. Thomas Hill, in The Gardeners Labyrinth, (1577), does not make a clear reference to cabbaging types of Cole and John Evelyn writes in Acetaria, A Discourse of Sallets, (1699), 39。Tis scarce an hundred Years since we first had Cabbages out of Holland. Sir Anth. Ashley of Wiburg St. Giles in Dorsetshire, being (as I am told) the first who planted them in England.39。Tis scarce an hundred Years since we first had Cabbages out of Holland. Sir Anth. Ashley of Wiburg St. Giles in Dorsetshire, being (as I am told) the first who planted them in England.The first pictorial evidence of cabbaging coles in England e from Gerard39。s Herball or General Historie of Plants, (1597), in which he pictures the White Cabbage Cole, a large winter cabbage, very round with a white interior that he says is the great ordinarie Cabbage knowne every where, and as monly eaten all over this kingdom. Parkinson, in Paradisis in Sol, (1629) pictures several cabbage varieties and calls the large round cabbage Ordinary Cabbage. By 1693, when John Evelyn publishes the translation of the Frenchman De La Quintinye39。s The Compleat Gard39。ner, there are at least six varieties of cabbage cultivated in gardens and the white or bright is the mon late round variety sown for winter or early spring use. The varieties of cabbages listed in the survey of 18th century Virginia references that most likely fall into the late cabbage category are: Large Winter, Large, Large English, Common or White, and Late. By the 18th century the flat and long sided varieties of mon cabbage appear. Philip Miller, in the 1754 edition of The Gardeners Dictionary, includes in the list of cabbages fit for winter use, Common White, flat, and long sided. The flat cabbage often goes by the name of Dutch Cabbage and, late in the century, as Drumhead Cabbage. Stephen Switzer, in The Practical Kitchen Gard39。ner, (1727), writes of the Dutch as being the flatest and largest of all, and a very large and flat cabbage. It is possible that by the late 18th century the flat sided cabbage had largely replaced the older, rounder varieties. John Randolph, in A Treatise on Gardening, (1793), writes, The mon WHITE CABBAGE, capitata alba, is the proper sort for winter. It is long sided and flat.The mon WHITE CABBAGE, capitata alba, is the proper sort for winter. It is long sided and flat.譯文：甘藍(lán)家族是歐洲種植歷史最悠久的蔬菜之一。大部分的植物學(xué)家認(rèn)為所有的現(xiàn)代甘藍(lán)起源于歐洲西部和南部海岸線附近的野生甘藍(lán)(B. oleracea, var., sylvestris) ，古猶太人在圣經(jīng)中并無(wú)關(guān)于甘藍(lán)的記載，羅馬人Cato, Pliny, Columella, Dioscorides, Theophrastus則分別在其著述中提到了藥用和食用的甘藍(lán)。 甘藍(lán)由第一批到Jamestown定居的歐洲人引入Virginia。Alexander Whitaker在其 Good Newes from Virginia, (1612)中著述,“我們英國(guó)的豌豆，洋蔥，蕪菁，結(jié)球甘藍(lán)，花椰菜在這兒非常興旺”18世紀(jì)前在Williamsburg已有一大批優(yōu)良的甘藍(lán)品種。Alexander Byrdie在Virginia Gazette中宣傳他已經(jīng)“just received by the Latona from London and the Peace from Bristol a well chosen variety of Garden seeds which are warrented to be of the latest crop, including, Cabbages 22 kinds.（22種甘藍(lán)） 在18世紀(jì)的一系列有關(guān)甘藍(lán)的文獻(xiàn)中可以看出，甘藍(lán)是Virginia人的很重要的一種作物，甘藍(lán)比其它當(dāng)時(shí)的園藝作物更多地在文獻(xiàn)中提到，在當(dāng)?shù)刈鳛槿诵髢捎玫淖魑?。晚熟園球和扁圓形甘藍(lán)是最古老和種類最多的結(jié)球甘藍(lán)類型。結(jié)球甘藍(lán)最早在1150年的德文文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)在14世紀(jì)引入英格蘭，早期的文獻(xiàn)開(kāi)始區(qū)分甘藍(lán)cabbage和原生甘藍(lán)colewort(cole 的古英語(yǔ)形式，colewort這個(gè)詞最早在公元1世紀(jì)在英格蘭出現(xiàn)），William Caxton39。的Vitas patrum (1495)提到, He laboured the gardins, sewe the seedes for cabochis（古英語(yǔ)cabbage）, and coleworts.首先在John Baret39。的An alvearie or triple dictionarie (1580)中提到了甘藍(lán)的學(xué)名Cabage or cole cabege, brassica capitata.，然而，最初在英格蘭的結(jié)球甘藍(lán)仍比較原始，結(jié)球松散且在16世紀(jì)以前種植面積有限。Thomas Hill在The Gardeners Labyrinth, (1577)尚未對(duì)結(jié)球甘藍(lán)有較清楚的描述。John Evelyn 1699在其A Discourse of Sallets,中才有較清楚的描述, 39。Tis scarce an hundred Years since we first had Cabbages out of Holland. Sir Anth. Ashley of Wiburg St. Giles in Dorsetshire, being (as I am told) the first who planted them in England. 在英國(guó)有關(guān)結(jié)球甘藍(lán)的最早圖片記載是1597年Gerard著述的Herball or General Historie of Plants, 其中描繪了圓球形的大型甘藍(lán)，并稱此在不列顛王國(guó)到處種植并食用非常普遍。is the great ordinarie Cabbage knowne every where, and as monly eaten all over this kingdom. Parkinson在 Paradisis in Sol, (1629)中描述了多種甘藍(lán)品種并稱此是普通大型圓球甘藍(lán)。1693年，John Evelyn翻譯了法國(guó)De La Quintinye的園藝著作The Compleat Gard39。ner 其中記載了6種甘藍(lán)，品種white or bright（白而亮）是當(dāng)時(shí)種植最普遍的冬季和早春甘藍(lán)。在美國(guó)Virginia文獻(xiàn)中記載的甘藍(lán)均是大型晚熟圓球形甘藍(lán)品種，Large Winter, Large, Large English, Common or White, and Late。最遲在18世紀(jì)初扁圓型結(jié)球甘藍(lán)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)，Philip Miller在1754年出版的The Gardeners Dictionary 中描述了一系列適合在冬季種植的扁圓形甘藍(lán)。扁圓形甘藍(lán)被稱為荷蘭甘藍(lán)。在18世紀(jì)末期這種甘藍(lán)被稱為鼓形甘藍(lán)（Drumhead Cabbage）Stephen Switzer1727年在The Practical Kitchen Gard39。ner,中稱荷蘭甘藍(lán)是最扁最大的甘藍(lán) being the flatest and largest of all, and a very large and flat cabbage.可能就是在18世紀(jì)末期扁圓形甘藍(lán)大規(guī)模地替代古老的圓球形甘藍(lán)。John Randolph 在A Treatise on Gardening, (1793)中提到普通白甘藍(lán)是冬季 最適宜的蔬菜作物，它是大扁圓形的。The mon WHITE CABBAGE, capitata alba, is the proper sort for winter. It is long sided