方案設(shè)計—方案預(yù)算設(shè)計-資料下載頁
2025-05-25 22:02本頁面
【正文】 eting process that preceded it in two significant ways. ? Emphasized objectives—PPBS focused less on the existing base and annual incremental improvements to it, and more on the objectives and longterm alternative means for achieving them. As a result of this shift in focus, PPBS was elevated to a level on par with budgetary management and control. ? Linked planning and budgeting—by means of programming, PPBS instilled a process that essentially defines a procedure for distributing available resources equitably among the many peting or possible programs. 「方案設(shè)計」課程第九 、 十章 零基預(yù)算（ zerobased budgeting，簡稱ZBB） ? A method of budgeting in which all expenditures must be justified each new period, as opposed to only explaining the amounts requested in excess of the previous period39。s funding. ? For example, if an anization used ZBB, each department would have to justify its funding every year. That is, funding would have a base at zero. A department would have to show why its funding efficiently helps the anization toward its goals. 「方案設(shè)計」課程第九 、 十章 零基預(yù)算（ zerobased budgeting，簡稱ZBB） ? ZBB is especially encouraged for Government budgets because expenditures can easily run out of control if it is automatically assumed what was spent last year must be spent this year. 「方案設(shè)計」課程第九 、 十章 方案設(shè)計的邏輯模式 （ logic model） 問題 界定 與 需求 評估 設(shè)定 目標(biāo) 與 目的 服務(wù)設(shè)計 資源 投入 運作 過程 服務(wù) 產(chǎn)出 服務(wù)方案 成效評量 「方案設(shè)計」課程第九 、 十章 方案設(shè)計步驟與邏輯模式的比較 問題 界定 與 需求 評估 設(shè)定 目標(biāo) 與 目的 服務(wù)設(shè)計 資源 投入 運作 過程 服務(wù) 產(chǎn)出 服務(wù)方案 成效評量 方案界定 第 1章 方案設(shè)計 第 7章 問題分析 第 2章 資訊管理系統(tǒng) 第 8章 需求評量 第 4章 預(yù)算 第 10章 選擇處置策略與設(shè)定目標(biāo) 第 6章 方案評估 第 11章
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