【正文】 they can be better motivated and work more efficiently because employees need not only clear job instructions and orders but also a sense of belonging and being respected。 therefore, they desire some information such as facts about organizational goals, policies and viewpoints on important controversial issues. Much pressure from employees makes the management to be accountable for their decisions through effective downward munication. Furthermore, within the corporation, the effective horizontal munication among employees is also essential. They exchange opinions, perform job duties and cooperate on important projects which accounts for a crucial part of carrying out the operations.Communication between panies has a farreaching effect on reputation and house image. An inspiring correspondence or personal conversation can win a customer, create a desire for a firm’s products or service, encourage orders as well as motivate a transaction. Communication to the public regarding social accountability has bee significantly more important during the past decades. An increasing number of panies and individuals have realized the indispensable factor. Barriers to municationBusiness correspondence is essential to business. However, the letter has to go through some obstacles to reach the reader. Therefore, it is primarily important to recognize and overe the barriers in munication. The main barriers are as follows: Psychological barriersPsychological barriers to munication include people’s selectivity and emotions.Selectivity: This occurs because most people are bombarded with information sources, especially in the informational era, so they simply can’t absorb all the information flowing their way and have to screen it selectively. Timing is one factor. Some messages may be effective at one time, but detrimental at another time. For instance, a letter of congratulation or condolence sent out immediately after the event is more effective than one sent later。 a meeting about accident prevention gets more attention if it follows an accident than precedes one.Emotions: People may be emotionally blocked if they are writing a plaining letter. The people with whom you are municating are also subject to emotional blocks, so they may feel indifferent toward the subject, or be bias against you. Semantic barriersSemantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences. Even if people are skilled enough to avoid problems such as inprehensible jargon or overly pompous words, they may still run into semantic problems because of the different shades of meaning of words. In semantics it is called connotation, distinguishing from its denotation. For example, rose has a denotative meaning “a kind of flower” but people have the connotation of love in mind. Cheap and inexpensive are synonyms, but the former has a more negative connotation。 therefore, inexpensive should be adopted in business correspondence. Cultural barriersCulture is a way of life of a group of people passed down from one generation to the next through the means of language and imitation. People in different part of the world have developed various ways of viewing human relationship. They share different values, norms and beliefs. They tend to accept their ways as normal and may view those of others wrong or peculiar. For instance, dragon symbolizes not auspiciousness but evilness in western culture。 white symbolizes purity in the west while funeral in China. Cultural difference, out of question, causes munication problems. Therefore, a successful businessperson shall have a general idea of the cultures and customs in the clients’ countries. Chapter Two An Introduction of Business Correspondence“We have probably taken a course in positions in which we wrote themes to show that we knew how to use sentences and paragraphs, proper grammar, and other mechanics of writing. But when we take a job, we will be developing information on our own and we will be transmitting it to a reader who has a genuine need for it and who will take action in response to what we are municating. The reader will use the information for specific purposes—to decide what actions to take. Purposes of municating business information are practical rather than social. And that is why business munication differs from other forms of munication.”[7] L. Gartside: English for Business studies, Plymouth： Macdonald amp。 Evans Ltd. 1981：12.[7] The business correspondence is the chief instrument of external munication in business—the principle means whereby a firm maintains contact with the outside world. Quite often it is the firm’s only contact with its customers, who form their impressions of the firm as much from the tone and quality of its correspondence as from the care and promptitude with which their orders are met. Therefore, we may employ many techniques that are uniquely appropriate to our munication to strengthen the influence of the written pieces. Business correspondence is a written form of transferring technical information from someone who has it to someone who needs it through the usage of special forms and techniques designed to enhance the readers’ prehension of and response to that information. Reasons for using business correspondencePhones and Internet meetings have bee allpervading now but the written form, including correspondence on paper or , still account for a great share of munication between firms and organizations. That is because it is more feasible and efficient. First, for distance, the resulting expense of a trunk call, is one deterrent to telephone conversation. It is less expensive to write to someone in another country than to phone and wait for an answer while the minutes tick away on that trunk call. We may also save time, since the answer may not be available at once and may have to be sent through the mail anyway. Also, it is more economical to write when hundreds of people must receive the same information—that is why we write