【正文】 istribute. For example, Everett amp。 Lemmings carries our frozen soups and entrees. The Green Company carries our plete line of seasonings and frozen soups. (Hu Yingkun, 2000:46) By parison or contrastSimilarities or differences between thoughts often provide a strong basis for paragraph development. Here’s an example developed by contrast:(35) There’re differences between large and small panies. In the small panies you operate primarily through personal contact. In the large pany you have established policies, “channels” of organization, and rigid procedure. In the small pany you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work immediately. In the large pany, even the man at the top is only a bolt in a big machine. (Hu Yingkun, 2000:63) By discussion of cause and effectWhen business writers develop a paragraph by cause and effect, they focus on the reasons for something. For example: (36) Because we want our fabrics to please, we ran the samples of Craft Fabric 103 you sent us through our laboratory. Exhaustive tests show each sample has been subjected to ling periods in extreme sunlight. We know from the beginning that DoCraft fabrics can’t withstand exposure to sunlight。 we have noted it in our advertising, in the catalog from which you ordered. Under the circumstances, the best suggestion is that you change to one of our outdoor fabrics. (Hu Yingkun, 2000:73) By classificationParagraphs developed by classification show how a general idea is broken into specific categories. For example:(37) Successful candidates for our supervisor trainee program generally e from one of several groups. The largest group consists of recent graduates of accredited dataprocessing programs. The next largest group es from our pany because we try to promote promising clerical workers to positions of greater responsibility. Finally, we accept candidates with supervisory experience. (廖瑛, 1995:53) By discussion of problem and solutionAnother way to develop a paragraph is to present a problem and then discuss the solution. For example:(38) Selling handmade toys by mail is a challenge because consumers are used to buying advertised toys from major chains. If we develop an appealing catalog, we can provide craftsmanship at a petitive price: a music box with the child’s name painted on the top。 a real Indian tepee, made by a Native American. (廖瑛, 1995:38) Professional plan for paragraph developmentIn business writing, a paragraph is one or more sentences that express an idea. A paragraph is one sentence if that sentence expresses a plete thought. No additional sentences may be required. However, additional sentences are usually needed to explain the initial idea. If the paragraph is posed of several sentences, all should relate to the primary idea.Combing effective sentences into good paragraph is a writing skill that must be developed through instruction. Here’s a simple plan that may help to write like a professional: Primary ideasWrite a sentence that clearly states the main idea of a paragraph. Summarize everything that business people want to include in the paragraph if possible. For example:(39) The sales staff will discuss several items at the meeting on Tuesday, September 30, in the staff conference room at 2 . Related sentencesWrite a second sentence that adds an idea directly related to the first sentence. Try to repeat a key word or idea from the first sentence. For example:(40) At the meeting a new plan for sales quotas and bonuses will be presented.Notice that the second sentence amplifies the first sentence by giving additional information about the meeting. The sentence also repeats the word “meeting”, contained in the previous sentences. Such repetition helps the reader move from one thought to the next. Other sentencesAdd additional sentences to expand the primary idea if needed. For example:(41) In addition, we will discuss the restructuring of some sales territories.(42) This restructuring is necessary to enable us to serve our rapidly increasing number of customers. Achieving paragraph coherenceEffective paragraphs are coherent. Coherence is a quality of good writing that does not happen accidentally. It is consciously achieved through effective organization and through skillful use of two devices. Repetition of key words or key ideasRepeating a key word or thought from the first sentence or from the preceding sentence helps guide a reader from one thought to the next. In the second example above, the word “meeting” is repeated to build cohesiveness into writing. In the fourth example above, the word “restructuring” is repeated to promote coherence. Repetition may consist of repeating a key idea stated somewhat differently, rather than using the same words. For example:(43) The modern athlete has learned that improvements in equipment, training, and techniques continue to expand the limits of human performance. Westinghouse has learned that the same principle works in the office. (Guffey, 1998:328)Here, the words “same principle” repeat a key idea from the previous sentence without reusing the same words. Using transitional expressions One of the most effective ways to achieve paragraph coherence is through the use of transitional expressions. “These expressions act as road signs: they indicate where the message is headed, and they help the reader anticipate what is ing” (Guffey, 1998:329). Here are some mon transitional expressions:although furthermore moreoveras a result hence neverthelessconsequently however of course5. Creating positive language instead of negative language in business English People enjoy and react favorably to positive message. Positive language is usually good for letter goals, especially when persuasion and goodwill are needed. Positive language emphasizes the pleasant aspects of the