【正文】 following. Lexical Transfer Lexis plays an important role in language study. Some learners believe that vocabulary is the most important part in learning a language and even equate learning a language with learning its vocabulary. For some learner groups, lexical errors are the most frequent category of language transfer and some native speakers consider the lexical errors in learners39。 Interlanguage to be more irritating than other types. The following helps to illustrate it. Errors in ArticlesThe word article (from the Latin articulus) means a small joint or member. According to Xiao Liming(2002: 33) , in modern English, the article is a formword of the noun, and serves to specify or generalize it. There are, in general, three forms of article in English: the definite, the indefinite and the zero articles. English learners in China find it hard to use them consistently correctly not only because there is no article contrast in Chinese mon nouns, but also because there are too many exceptions to the rules guiding the use of articles (Zhang Zhenbang 1995:37). It proves even more difficult for Chinese English Foreign Language learners that the choice of an article in quite a few expressions is idiomatic. Consequently, the learners in China may omit necessary articles like the following:1. My hobby is playing piano.2. It was so cold on top of the mountain that we decided to make fire. 3. I would like to sell it to you at 50% discount.To make a correction, the above underlined three phrases, according to the English rule, should be: play the piano, make a fire, at a discount. It also occurs that Chinese learners insert unnecessary articles in some expressions, for examples:4. She was in a pain.5. He finished the school several years ago.The third case is the confusion of the use of definite and indefinite articles:6. He smashed the letter in the rage.7. Almost all my classmates took the fancy to the new teacher.8. Miss Li was in a habit of telling a joke at the beginning of each lecture. The wrong use of articles causes pragmatic transfer easily, which is not good for learners to acquire Target Language appropriately. Errors in Prepositions defines a preposition as a connecting word showing the relation of a noun or substitute for a noun to some other word in the sentence (Lian Shuneng 51). Both English and Chinese have prepositions, but the use of English prepositions is much more plicated and idiomatic. It is estimated that there are 286 prepositions of all kinds in English, but only 30 in Chinese (Lian Shuneng 1993:50,54). Prepositions appear constantly in English speech and wring, but are usually omitted in Chinese. The errors in the following sentences show the influence of Ll(First Language) concerning such a difference.1 .It was sold at 50 yuan in Beijing.2. I work in the pany for several months.3. Whenever I look back those days...4. She could bear her husband no longer and demanded a divorce with him. For the Chinese equivalents“在北京它賣五元”and“我在那家公司工作了幾個月”of the first two sentences, there is no need to add prepositions at to express the price and for to express a period of time. Similarly in the clause“每當我回想那些日子”，the Chinese phrase“回想”does not call for a preposition on, while look back on is an idiomatic expression in English. The error in the last sentence was also caused by negative transfer, because in Chinese we say“和某人離婚，’，thus the phrase divorce with him. What is proper in English is divorce from him. So errors in preposition leads to pragmatic transfer here obviously. Errors in Nouns (Countability of Nouns)“In both English and Chinese, nouns function as the names denoting people, things or places. This is where the two languages share similarities. What deserves attention is the number of nouns. It is known that number, case and gender are the three grammatical categories used for the description of noun properties” (Quirk et al. 1972). As far as the singular and plural forms of nouns are concerned, there lies great difference between English and Chinese. In Chinese, the form of nouns does not change in most cases no matter whether they intend to express singular or plural meanings, and what changes in Chinese is the modifiers that e before nouns, that is to say, whether the nouns refers to a singular or plural meaning is evidenced by its modifier. But in English, this is evidenced by both the modefier that es before the noun, but the exact form of the noun. For example, in English, when the plural meaning of student is desired, they say some students，a form that indicates plural meaning in both its modifier and its own form, while in Chinese, to express the same meaning, we do not need to change the form of noun itself, and what we should do is only to make the modifier change into a plural form, say to change一個學生 into 一些學生. This makes negative transfer e into being in many Chinese students39。 learning of English. The following are some examples:1. During my visit to my grandparents39。 home, I met some of my friend in my childhood. （拜訪祖父母時，我碰到了兒時的一些玩伴。） 2. It does not rain for the whole summer, and the peasants in my hometown really need some waters to irrigate their crops. （整個夏天都沒下雨，家鄉(xiāng)的農(nóng)民們真的需要水來灌溉莊稼。） In sentence 1, the noun friend takes the singular form, and the negative transfer of Chinese lies just here. In English, as has mentioned before, the plural meaning of noun is realized by both its determiner and the form of the noun. That is to say, in this sentence, the phrase some of es before the noun friend, and this indicates that it should appear in its plural form, friends instead of friend .In sentence 2, the inflectional morpheme s is added after the noun water to indicate a plural concept as s is usually applied in this way. But the fact is that in English, water is an uncountable noun, and accordingly, we can not put the inflectional morpheme s after it to indicate t