【導(dǎo)讀】沖壓生產(chǎn)是一種先進(jìn)的金屬加工方法。它是利用模具和沖壓設(shè)備對(duì)板材金屬進(jìn)行。本課題是蓋板零件的沖壓模具的設(shè)計(jì)。工件的尺寸和形狀位置精度要求的同時(shí)，盡量的提高材料的利用率和生產(chǎn)效率。結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的同時(shí)，對(duì)主要零件的設(shè)計(jì)和裝配要求技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析。設(shè)計(jì)合理、簡(jiǎn)單，便于制造和修模，有利于縮短模具生產(chǎn)制造周期，降低成本。

　　

【正文】 卸料彈簧的數(shù)量與型號(hào)，為模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件與非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件選擇做鋪墊。 經(jīng)過對(duì)工件的工藝分析，設(shè)計(jì)加工為一模兩件，采用了兩套復(fù)合模具：落料 沖孔倒 裝復(fù)合模、沖孔 彎曲 倒裝式復(fù)合模 ，在最后一步兩個(gè)零件的切斷分離 。復(fù)合模具工作零件的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，模具的成本較高，但模具結(jié)構(gòu)型式選用合理，可行性好，生產(chǎn)效率高， 制品尺寸穩(wěn)定性增加，材料消耗、制造成本有所降低，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著 。 凸、凹模刃口尺寸的計(jì)算也是很重要的，還要通過壓力機(jī)的最大最小閉合高度來選擇模架，接下來進(jìn)行模具結(jié)構(gòu)與尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)，并且還需要確定模具 的總體尺寸和模具零件的結(jié)構(gòu)，查詢并確定模具安裝和調(diào)試的要求及注意事項(xiàng)，整套模具組件的裝配技術(shù)要求，和一些重要的配合尺寸。最后根據(jù)這些資料設(shè)計(jì)繪出模具的總裝圖，并說明模具的工作過程。 雖然這個(gè)方案是從幾個(gè)方案中選出的較優(yōu)方案，但是因?yàn)閭€(gè)人水平有限，肯定還有好多不足之處。在定位零件的設(shè)計(jì)方面還有很大改進(jìn)空間，比如考慮到加工零件的尺寸精度，在定位方面應(yīng)該更加精確。 雖然該設(shè)計(jì)可能還存在種種不足之處，但我覺得，該模具設(shè)計(jì)整體來說還算巧妙，尤其是彎曲凸模的固定方式以及它與沖孔凸模固定板之間的配合都是經(jīng)過深思熟慮的，只 要將上述所提到的一些不足之處加以改進(jìn)，還是有它的價(jià)值的。 致 謝 本課題所做設(shè)計(jì)是在導(dǎo)師 ＸＸＸ 老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。值此論文完成之際，謹(jǐn)向我的導(dǎo)師表示最衷心的感謝 !感謝他 在我畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)半年來對(duì)我的關(guān)心與指導(dǎo) ! 在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，導(dǎo)師淵博的學(xué)識(shí)、及時(shí)的建議給予作者很大啟發(fā)，同時(shí)導(dǎo)師嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度，對(duì)工作的敬業(yè)精神，給我們都留下了印象深刻，也是我們今后工作學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣 ! 還有在此設(shè)計(jì)期間 ＸＸ 老師也給我很大的幫助，在此 向 Ｘ 老師表示感謝。 在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間，我們還進(jìn)行了一次實(shí)習(xí)， 在老師的 帶領(lǐng)下，大家來到的安徽 ＸＸ工業(yè)有限公司，到那里參觀實(shí)習(xí)，公司總經(jīng)理和研發(fā)部部長(zhǎng)熱情的迎接我們，并由研發(fā)部部長(zhǎng)親自像我們介紹各個(gè)生產(chǎn)流程。在此我向他們表示深深的感謝。 最后，也對(duì)在答辯時(shí)各位老師提出的寶貴意見深表感謝！ 作者： ＸＸＸ 2020 年 6月 2日 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 賈俐俐 . 沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì) [M].北京： 人民郵電出版社 ， 2020. [2] 王同海 ,孫勝 ,肖白白 . 實(shí)用沖壓設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù) [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ， 1995. [3] 徐政坤 . 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造 [M].北京： 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 ， 2020. [4] 王孝培 . 實(shí)用沖壓技術(shù)手冊(cè) [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè) 出版社， 2020. [5] 馬朝興 . 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) [M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè) 出版社 ,2020. [6] 郝濱海 . 沖壓模具簡(jiǎn)明設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) [M].北京： 化學(xué) 工業(yè)出版社， 1975. [7] 中國機(jī)械工程學(xué)會(huì) . 中國模具設(shè)計(jì)大 典 [M].南昌： 江西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 ， 2020. [8] 朱輝 . 畫法幾何及工程制圖 [M].上海 ： 上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù) 出版社， 2020. [9] 王芳 . 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo) [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ， 1998. [10] 馮炳堯 . 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè) [M].上海：上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社 ， 1998. [11] 高鴻庭 ,劉建超 . 冷沖模設(shè)計(jì)與制造 [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2020. 附錄 A 外文文獻(xiàn) Effects of geometry and fillet radius on die stresses in stamping processes Abstract: This paper describes the use of the finite element method to analyze the failure of dies in stamping processes. For the die analyzed in the present problem, the cracks at different locations can be attributed to a couple of mechanisms. One of them is due to large principal stresses and the other one is due to large shear stresses. A threedimensional model is used to simulate these problems first. The model is then simplified to an axisymmetric problem for analyzing the effects of geometry and fillet radius on die stresses. 2020 Elsevier Science . All rights reserved. Keywords: Stamping。 Metal forming。 Finite element method。 Die failure 1. Introduction In metal forming processes, die failure analysis is one of the most important problems. Before the beginning of this decade, most research focused on the development of the oretical and numerical methods. Upper bound techniques [1,2], contactimpact procedures [3] and the finite element method (FEM) [4,5] are the main techniques for analyzing stamping problems. With the development of puter technology, the FEM bees the dominant technique [612]. Altan and coworkers [13,14] discussed the causes of failure in fing tooling and presented a fatigue analysis concept that can be applied during process and tool design to analyze the stresses in tools. In these two papers, they used the punching load as the boundary force to analyze the stress states that exist in the inserts during the forming process and determined the causes of the failures. Based on these concepts, they also gave some suggestions to improve die design. In this paper, linear stress analysis of a threedimensional (3D) die model is presented. The stress patterns are then analyzed to explain the causes of the crack initiation. Some suggestions about optimization of the die to reduce the stress concentration are presented. In order to optimize the design of the die, the effects of geometry and fillet radius are discussed based on a simplified axisymmetric model. 2. Problem definition This study focuses on the linear elastic stress analysis of the die in a typical metal forming situation (Fig. 1). The die (Fig. 2) with a halfmoon shaped ingot on the top surface is punched down towards the workpiece which is held inside the collar, and the pattern is made onto the workpiece. Cracks were found in the die after repeated operation: (i) when the die punched the workpiece, there is crack initiation between the tip of the moon shaped pattern and one of the edges (Crack I)。 and (ii) after repeated punching, there is also a crack at the fillet of the die (Crack II). The present work was carried out with the following objectives: (i) to establish the causes of the crack initiation。 and (ii) to study the effects of geometry and fillet radius. 3. Simulation and analysis . 3D simulation The simulation is performed with the FEM code Abaqus [15]. Twomeshes are created for the die shown in Fig. 3a and b. The 3D solid elements for the workpiece are C3D8 (8 node linear brick) elements. There are about 4000 nodes and 3343 elements in the coarse mesh model, and 7586 nodes and 6487 elements in the fine mesh model. The boundary condition involves fixing the bottomof the die, ., U2=0 for all the nodes on the die bottom. A pressure of 200 MPa is applied on the top surface of the halfmoon pattern. Young39。s modulus is 200 GPa and Poisson39。s ratio is . In order to analyze the principal stress concentration area in the region of Crack I, different cases are studied. Let the models shown in Fig. 3a and b be Case 1. A new 3D model (Case 2) is used as shown in Fig. 3c. The die is separated into three parts. The Abaqus mand *CONTACT PAIR, TIED is used to tie separate surfaces together for joining dissimilar meshes. The advantage of this model is its convenience in changing the mesh of the halfmoon pattern and its position. First, the halfmoon pattern is moved 6 mm towards the center (Case 3) as shown in Fig. 3d. Second, the fillet radius of the