國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)課堂案例-資料下載頁
2025-05-03 18:06本頁面
【正文】 keexactcalculationsofthetotalfreightandotherrelevantcharges.Mostimportantly,itisverybeneficialforeveryexportbusinessmantolearngeography.ChapterFiveSixandSevenQuantityQualityandPackingoftheGoodsCaseOne案例一1.AChineseexportpanyexportedsomeboxesofappletoJapan,accordingtothecontracttwopartiesconcluded,theappleshouldbeGradeTwo.Butwhenthesellermaketheshipment,theyfoundsomeoftheapplewascorruptbecauseofdampweather,soinordertodeliverthegoodsintime,thesellerarrangegoodsimmediatelyandsenttheapple(GradeOne)instead,andtheChinesepanystillmarked“PricebestillfixedonGradeTwo.”Question:Doyouthinkwhethertheexporterfulfillthedutyoncontract?Why?CaseTwo案例二2.OurpanyexportedsomekindsofagriculturalproductstoGermany,itisstipulatedinthecontractthat:“Moisture11%Max,Impurity3%Max”.Butwesentthesampletobuyerbeforeconcluded,andinformthebuyerbyfaxthatthegoodswedeliveredissimilartothesample.WhenthegoodsarrivedinGermany,thebuyerinspectedthegoodsandfoundthequalityofgoodsislowerthanthesample,andofcoursetheyraiseaclaimforUSD6000.Question:Doyouthinkthebuyer’sclaimisreasonable,why?CaseThree案例三3.Apanypurchasedfourkindsofsteelplate:4000M/T.andthetypeis6inch,8inch,10inchand12inch.Thequantityis100M/Teachsize,andthecontractmarkedthat:“5%moreorlessforeachsize,atseller’soption” Whenthesellerdeliveredthegoods,thequantityis:6inch70M/T。8inch80M/T。10inch60M/T。12inch210M/T.Andthetotalquantityis420M/T.Whentheexportersubmitsthefullsetofdocument,theimporterrefusestoreceivethegoodsowingtoquantityproblems.Question:Doyouthinktheimporter’sactionisreasonable?ListyourreasonsCaseFour案例四4.ABritainpanypurchased300casesoffruitcanswithanAustralianpany,thecontractisstipulatedasfollow:“Packincaseswith30canseachcase”Whenthebuyerpickedupthegoods,theyfoundhalfquantitywaspackedasstipulated.Buttheotherpartwaspackedin90caseswith60canseach.Thebuyerrefusedthegoodsimmediately.Butthesellerinformedthat30canseachcaseisnotthecorepartofcontract,thetotalquantityiscorrectandthequalityissimilartothestipulationinthecontract,sothebuyershouldacceptit.Question:Whichpartybreachthecontract?Why?ChapterFiveSixandSevenQuantityQualityandPackingoftheGoodsAnalysis:案例分析1. Theexporterdidn’tfulfillhisobligation.Thoughtheexportermadeshipmentontime,inordertodelivertheapplesingoodquality,hearrangedthegoodswithhigherquality,butthequalityisnotsimilartothelevelonthecontract.Sothesellerbreachesthecontract.Ifthebuyerlodgesaclaim,thesellerwillsuffertheloss.Inordertoavoidtheproblem,thesellershouldaskforthebuyer’sopinionfirstly.，此案中，雖然合同對商品的品質(zhì)提出了要求，但賣方在成交前寄送樣品的行為本身即表明該批貨物既憑說明買賣（salebydescription）,又憑樣品買賣（salebysample）。因此，買方在對商品進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)后發(fā)現(xiàn)與樣品不符提出索賠的要求是合情合理的。賣方的失誤在于使用兩種方式約束商品品質(zhì)對其不利。internationaltrade,themoreorlessclausehasamplemeaning,itmeansnotonlythetotalquantityshouldbesubjecttothestipulation,butalsothequantityineachtype.Inthiscase,thoughthetotalquantityhasnotsurpassedthe5%,butthequantityineachtypeisfarawayfromthestipulationinthecontract.Soweconsiderthatthesellerhasbreachedthequantityclause.andtheimporterrefusethegoodsowingtoquantityproblemsisreasonable.，把買賣分為兩類，一種叫憑樣品買賣，一種叫憑說明買賣。后者所包括的范圍很廣，不僅涉及商品品質(zhì)方面的問題，也包括數(shù)量，甚至包括合同中有關(guān)裝運(yùn)期、包裝和貨物花式搭配方面的陳述。按照英國買賣法的規(guī)定，凡合同中一切有關(guān)貨物“說明”的事項(xiàng)都是合同的要件，如有違反，買方有權(quán)拒收貨物，并可以提出索賠。本案例中，英國法認(rèn)為，包裝是屬于“說明”的組成部分，屬于要件，賣方違背合同要件，買方有理由拒收全部貨物，也可以接受合乎規(guī)定部分，拒收不合規(guī)定部分，并提出損害賠償。
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