【正文】 , if A39。 s cargo is damaged or sacrificed in the process of saving the ship, and B39。 s cargo is saved as a result, B or its insurer must contribute to A for the loss. A’s claim is a general average. In other words, the owner of the cargo that was sacrificed would have a general average claim for contribution against the owner of the cargo that was saved. For ex ample, when fire threatens an entire ship, and certain cargo is damaged by water in putting the fire out, the owners of all of the cargo must contribute to the loss of the cargo that was damaged by the water. The owners of cargo that is thrown over board to save a sinking ship may have a claim against those whose cargo was there by saved. General average claims are typically covered by marine insurance.Insurance Cover According to the stipulations of the People’s Insurance Company of China, the following basic insurance covers are available in marine insurance: 1. Free From Particular Average Insurance (FPA)(平安險) Under free from particular average insurance the insurance pany will be responsible to pay claims for total or constructive total losses suffered by the whole lot of cargoes during transportation due to such natural calamities as vile weather, thunder and lightning, tidal wave, earthquakes, and floods, or for total or partial losses due to the ship or carrier being on fire, stranded, sinking, colliding or meeting other fortuitous accidents. 2. With Particular Average Insurance (WPA) (水漬險) The cover of this insurance is more extensive. The insurer is liable, in addition to the total or constructive total losses covered by FPA insurance also for the partial losses of the insured goods due to the risks caused by natural calamities mentioned under FPA insurance. 3. All Risks Insurance (一切險) Among the three kinds of basic insurance, under an all risks policy the goods are insured against all risks, . from natural calamities, fortuitous accidents at sea。 or general extraneous risks, irrespective of percentage of loss, total or partial. A natural deterioration of perishable goods, delay, loss or damage caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject matter is not covered.5. International protection of intellectual propertyIntellectual property rights are protected and regulated internationally both by bilateral treaties and multilateral conventions. Bilateral treaties were the original means of preventing illegal copying, and they were once quite monplace. With the growing popularity of multilateral conventions in the midnineteenth century, their use has diminished（減少）. Today, most bilateral intellectual property treaties are used by states that are not parties to the multilateral conventions. International tax evasion （國際逃稅） is an illegal act, while international tax avoidance（國際避稅） is an immoral act.