【導(dǎo)讀】Numbers(逃亡記)，Deuteronomy。①BooksofJoshua②BooksofJudges③BooksofSamuel④BooksofKings. Theword―feudalism‖wasderived(來源)fromtheLatin―feudum‖，agrant

　　

【正文】 conscious movement (自發(fā)的運(yùn)動 ) in the 20th century. Its basic concern is human existence (人的存在 )。 A key concept (關(guān)鍵概念 ) of existentialism is that man is only what he makes of himself. Existentialism in literature was represented by Bernard Shaw?s problem plays. And Sartre‘s (薩達(dá)爾 ) Being and Nothingness (存在與虛無 )。 44． 荒誕?。?The Theatre of the absurd 名詞解釋 The Theatre of the absurd is a term referring to the works of some European， particularly French， playwrights (劇作家 ) of the 1950s and 60s. The word ―absurd‖ originated from the works of Camus (加謬斯 )。 The play writers of the Theatre of the absured employed (被使用 ) many techniques used by the popular theatre such as： acrobatics (雜技 )。 Their language is very often dislocated (錯位 )， with plenty of jargon (行話 )， clich233。s (老生常談 ) and repetitions (反復(fù)使用 )。 The Theatre of the Absurd of represented by Beckett?s (貝克特 ) waiting for Godot (等待哥達(dá) )。 45． 黑色幽默： Black Humour 名詞解釋 Black Humour is a term derived (源于 ) from Black Comedy. Its origin can be traced back to Shakespeare?s time. But now the term (術(shù)語 ) is usually used to refer to some Western， especially American PostWorld WarⅡ writers. Black humour is kind of desperate humour (會讓人產(chǎn)生絕望的幽默 )。 In Black humour， man‘s fate is decided by inprehensible powers. (人的命運(yùn)自有安排 ) Black humour was represented by Joseph Heller?s Catch22. 6 46. 野獸派： Fauvism 名詞解釋 The Fauvism expressed their emotional reaction to the subject in the boldest colour and strongest pattern of lines (表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈的情感 )。 They preferred this to objective representation. (支持主觀反對客觀 ) In this way the Fauves freed colour from its tradition. (解放了傳統(tǒng)對色彩的束縛 ) 47． 表現(xiàn)主義： Expressionism 名詞 解釋 Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality (對現(xiàn)實(shí)的意志 ) by means of distortion (扭曲 ) to municate one?s inner vision (內(nèi)部觀察 )。 The artists of this school used bright colours to bring out their pessimistic views on life (對生活的悲觀態(tài)度 )。 They showed a world of subconsciousness (下意識的世界 )。 48． 立體主義： Cubism 名詞解釋 Cubism is a type of abstract painting (抽象繪畫 ) which aims to perate beyond surface appearances (超越表面現(xiàn)象 ) and single vision (想象 ) and depict (描繪 ) persons and objects (人和物 ) from varying angles (千變?nèi)f化的角度 ) simultaneously (同時進(jìn)行 ) and threedimensionally (三位立體 )。 The Cubism was represented by Picasso (畢加索 ) 49． 未來主義： Futurism 名詞解釋 The works of futurism portray (描繪 ) the dynamic life (動態(tài)的生活 ) of the 20th century. They glorify (崇尚 ) war， danger， machine age and attack (反對 ) museums and academies (學(xué)術(shù) )。 They are interested in expressing the speed (高速發(fā)展 )， progress and even the violence (暴力 ) of modern live. 50． 達(dá)達(dá)主義 :Dadaism 名詞 解釋 Dadaism created works that were antiwar， antimodern life， and indeed (甚至 )， antiart. When they held exhibitions the Dadaists sometimes encouraged (鼓 勵 ) the public to destroy (銷毀 ) their displays. They thought that the world had bee insane (病了 ) and art too seious (嚴(yán)肅 )。 One of the most important ideas to develop out of the movement was automatism (自動主義 )—the automatic production (自動產(chǎn)生 ) of art. 51． 超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 :Surrealism 名 詞解釋 Surrealism was a which bined (結(jié)合 ) the Dada idea of automatism with the psychology (心理學(xué) ) of Sigmund Freud. The surrealists felt that the job of the artist was to show an unconscious (無意識的 ) world. 自考 2020 年名詞解釋題目： Pax Romana(Chapter 1) The Crusades(Chapter 3) Gothic(Chapter 3) Reformation(Chapter 4) Social Darwinism(Chapter 8) 2020 年名詞解釋題目： Diogenes(Chapter 1) Middle Ages(Chapter 3) Wilhelm Tell(Chapter 6) Existentialism(Chapter 10) 2020 年名詞解釋題目： Alfred the Gread(Chapter 3) Calvinism(Chapter 4) French neoclassicism(Chapter 5) Odepus Complex(Chapter 10) 2020 年名詞解釋題目： Leonardo da Vinci(Chapter 4) Thomas Hobbes39。s Political thought(Chapter 5) Enlightenment(Chapter 6) Black Humor(Chapter 10) 2020 年名詞解釋題目： Athenian Democracy(Chapter 1) William Shakespeare(Chapter 4) Romanticism(Chapter 7) Angry Young Men(Chapter 10)