【正文】 ? 土壤改良法：凍結(jié)前對土壤進(jìn)行某種改良，達(dá)到阻礙水力通道的目的 ? Soil improvement method: to conduct some improvement on soil before freeze to block the hydraulic capillary. The countermeasure to ground freezing heave and thaw settlement ? 把凍脹控制了，融沉就基本控制了 80— 90%。對于沉降要求很嚴(yán)的地方，可以采取跟蹤注漿等方式控制沉降量。 ? The thaw settlement will be reduced by 8090% if migrated water frost heave has been totally blocked. Sometimes settlement tracked grouting may be carried out for the place where settlement control is strict. (豎井 ) Some new cases interested of GFM（ shaft） ? 我國最深凍結(jié)井 (也是世界最深凍結(jié)井，下部凍結(jié) ) ? 核桃峪礦井位于甘肅省慶陽市正寧縣周家鄉(xiāng)，礦井建設(shè)規(guī)模為 1200萬噸 /年。副立井井筒施工到 472米深處發(fā)現(xiàn)巖層下部含水量很大而無法繼續(xù)施工，決定下部施工前先對開挖荒徑外進(jìn)行凍結(jié)封水，也就是從 472米深處往下凍結(jié)到深度 955m。 ? Heitaoyu Service shaft, located in Zhoujia Disitrict, Zhengning County, Gansu Province, is 955m deep, the deepest frozen in the world with annual output 12 million tons/year. The shaft, lining to depth of 472m where underground water was encountered, have to be sunk by GFM from the depth of 472m to 955m. However, the freezing holes were drilled from the surface to the depth of 955m. （豎井） Some new cases interested of GFM (shaft)（ cont.） ? 井筒凈直徑 9m，開挖荒徑 ～ ，凍結(jié)孔布置圈徑 (深孔 /淺孔 ) 955/856m，凍結(jié)孔 (深孔 /淺孔 )個 22/22凍結(jié)孔開孔間距 ，凍結(jié)管規(guī)格φ168mm ，巖石凍結(jié)的凍結(jié)壁設(shè)計厚度 4m，凍結(jié)壁平均溫度 8℃ 鹽水溫度 30℃ ?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開始凍結(jié)。 ? The excavated diameter is about ~ m with diameter 9 m and freezing hole arranged circle diameter m. The freeze hole depths are 955/856 m (22 deep holes/22 shallow holes), respectively, and freezing hole spaces m with total 22+22 freezing holes. The diameter of freezing pipe is 168 mm. The rock designed thickness of frozen rock wall is 4m and frozen wall average temperature is 8 ℃ with the brine temperature is about 30 ℃ . The refrigerator station has started operation. 核桃峪礦井地質(zhì)柱狀圖 The service shaft geologic column (隧道 ) Some new cases interested of GFM (tunnel)（ cont.） 拱北隧道為港珠澳大橋珠海連接線 Zhuhai connection of the Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau bridge (隧道 ) Some new cases interested of GFM (tunnel)（ cont.） (隧道 ) Some new cases interested of GFM (tunnel)（ cont.） ? 臨時圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)是管幕 (管徑 ),管間凈距 20— 25mm。管間用凍結(jié)止水。 凍結(jié)管安置在 鋼管內(nèi)沿圈徑方向布置。 ? Temporary palisade structure is steel tube act (pipe diameter of m), clear distance between pipes is between 20from 25 mm. The gaps between tubes are frozen as water cutoff. The freezing tubes are arranged along the circle contour line of the steel tubes in the steel tube diameter m. (隧道 ) Some new cases interested of GFM (tunnel)（ cont.） ? 凍結(jié)管設(shè)置在管幕鋼管內(nèi) ? The freezing tubes are arranged along the circle contour line of the steel tubes in the steel tube diameter m. Freezing pipe Ice wall thick Tube act Concrete in the tube 紅色為加熱管 red is heating pipes 結(jié)語 Conclusion ? 盡可能全面把握所有關(guān)聯(lián)的工程地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)、邊界條件 As far as possible to grasp of all related engineering geology, hydrogeology and all related boundary conditions ? 正確選擇凍土結(jié)構(gòu)模型 To chose frozen soil structure model correctly ? 正確把握凍土物理力學(xué)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的試驗方法 To correctly understand the test methods for physical and mechanical key parameters in the frozen soil ? 仔細(xì)研判凍土結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)聯(lián)的所有不利因素 To analyze the permafrost carefully all the structural relationship factors ? 時刻記住凍土結(jié)構(gòu)的核心是冰 —— 隨時可變！ To keep in mind that ice is the core of frozen soil structure and it may change at any time! 致謝 Acknowledgements 感謝下列單位 : ? 煤炭科學(xué)研究總院 ? 港珠澳大橋管理中心 ? 鐵道第四設(shè)計研究院 Thanks to the following units, ? China Central Coal Mining Research Institute ? The Administration Center of the Hong Kong, zhuhai and Macau Bridge Construction ? The Railway Fourth Design and Research Institute