【正文】 t 9:30 they did not watch TV any more. He left off writing the book. = He stopped writing the book. He left off to write the book. He left some place in order to write the book.iii) After try, mean, can’t help, the choice between an infinitive and an –ing participle depends on the meaning of the preceding verb itself. . Your plan would mean spending hours. I didn’t mean to make you angry.iv) After agree, decide, there is a choice between the infinitive and “preposition + ing”. . They agreed to share the remuneration. They agreed on sharing the remuneration.v) After encourage, permit, allow, remend, advise, authorise, either the –ing participle or the infinitive with an expressed logical subject can be used. Allow doing/allow sb to do . She doesn’t allow smoking here. She doesn’t allow us to smoke here.2） the nonfinite forms as adverbial and noun phrase modifier。 非限定性形式做名詞短語、副詞短語修飾語The nonfinite forms include the –ing clause and the infinitive clause. An –ing participle clause usually refers to an active and/or progressive event, an –ed participle clause refers to an passive and/or experienced event while an infinitive clause suggests an event to be experienced. They can be used as adverbial or as noun phrase modifier.. She looked at us with a smiling face.To determine the number of cells, a sample is put under a microscope.Unit 141） need。 need的用法Need can be a lexical verb as well as a modal auxiliary. As a lexical verb, it is followed by a toinfinitive. As a modal auxiliary, it is nonassertive, which means it is usually used in negative sentences or questions. Note that in answer to a question introduced by need, we should use must in a positive response and needn’t in a negative response. . Do we need to stay this evening? Need we work late today? No, we needn’t, but we must tomorrow. When inquiring about the necessity of doing something, either must or need can be used. If the answer is negative, we can only use needn’t or don’t have to rather than mustn’t. . Need/must I see a doctor at once? No, you needn’t / don’t have to for the time being.“Needn’t have +ed” implies that something was done but was unnecessary. . I needn’t have gone to the station.2）the nonfinite form as noun phrase modifiers 名詞性短語修飾語的用法及其語法意義The –ing form of most intransitive verbs of English can be used attributively as adjectives to indicate what someone or something is doing. –ed adjectives may refer to a person’s mental or emotional reaction to something or describe the expression or manner of the person affected. Most –ed adjectives are related to transitive verbs and have a passive meaning. A few –ed adjectives are related to the intransitive verbs and have an active meaning. . Most people like fresh food and don’t like frozen food. Some people say it is an interesting book while others say that it is a boring one.《綜合教程》（修訂版）第二冊would . used to。 used to . be used to “Would do” refers to past actions and habits as well. Remember that “would” is also used in a conditional sense. It’s a good idea not to use “would” in questions and negative sentences, as its meaning can easily be misunderstood in a conditional sense. e. g. We’d spend a lot of money on projects that didn’t help the pany. They would ask a lot of crazy questions that didn’t seem to make any sense.“Used to do” expresses something that we often did in the past, but don’t do anymore. It is often used in the positive form to speak about repeated actions. Generally, we use the form to contrast past habits with present situations. e. g. I used to go jogging three times a week when I lived in Italy. Now, I’m too busy and can only jog once a week.Janice used to live in New York, but moved to Seattle last year.“Be used to (doing) sth.” means someone has experienced something so that it no longer seems surprising, difficult or strange. It is always followed by a noun or gerund. e. g. Sally is used to spending hours in front of the puter every day.They’ve always lived in hot countries so they aren’t used to the cold weather here. would, should, might, couldWould can be used in some forms that are viewed as more formal or polite. It can also be used to express willingness. e. g. Would you get me a glass of water? I told him not to go, but he would not listen.Should is used to indicate that an action is considered by the speaker to be obligatory. It is used to form the future tense of the subjunctive mood, usually in the first person.e. g. You should brush your teeth every day. If I should be late, go without me.Might can be used to express a present time possibility or uncertainty. It can be used in the first person to express that future actions are being considered. It can be used in a question to ask for permission. e. g. John is not in the office today, and he might be sick. I might go to the mall later. Might your phone?Like could and would, might can also be used in polite requests and suggestions. The auxiliaries could, would and might can be used to express differing degrees of politeness. Thus, might expresses the highest degree of politeness.Could is used to express ability. It is also used to express beliefs about situations. Could can be used to make requests. e. g. I could speak English. He couldn’t have left already。 why would he want to get there so early? Could you pass me the cheese?didn’t need to do / needn’t have doneBoth these patterns are used to talk about past events. “Needn’t have done something” means that something was not necessary under circumstances where it was done.e. g. I needn’t have prepared all that food. They phoned to say they wouldn’t be ing. When I got home from the bakery, I found we still had plenty of bread, so I needn’t have bought a loaf. “Didn’t need to do something” means that there wa