【正文】 isit China in due course。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead。Do not write your address. (10 points)48. Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should　　1) Interpret the chart and　　2) Give your ments?！　ou should write at least 150 words?！　rite your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2011年研究生入學考試英語二真題Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has　1 　across the Web.Can privacy be preserved　2　bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly　3　?　　Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a　4　to make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary identify” system that would be the hightech　5　of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled　6　one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential　7　to a specific puter, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to　8　a federation of private online identify systems. Users could　9　which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license　10　by the government.　　Google and Microsoft are among panies that already have signon” systems that make it possible for users to　11　just once but use many different services.　12　, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of　13　munity.　　Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can plete online transactions with　14　,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs　15　.39。Still, the administration’s plan has　16　privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach。 others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would　17　be a license” mentality.　　The plan has also been greeted with　18　by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet　19　.They argue that should be　20　to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11． on on in in12． vain effect return contrast13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s pensation mittee。 how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the pany will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . [A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make promises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forec