【正文】 y effect（抽吸效應(yīng)）and increases in temperature. Locating the thermal center of the container housing requires the center of the container to be measured in both the cold and the hot condition. The difference can exceed 5 mm on large extrusion presses.Fig. Container housingThe guideways for the container housing are arranged as a prism (棱柱)(half Xguiding) to maintain the central location of the container within the tightest limits possible at different operating temperatures. In order to achieve better and reproducible guiding, an upper guide is used that often extends the guiding to Xguiding. The location of the guideways with Xguiding should take into account the thermal center point to ensure that the container housing is free from play as far as possible and is accurately located within the extrusion press, even with temperature variations.Flat guiding is also encountered, and this is simpler to adjust but assumes constant thermal conditions in the container holder under production conditions. If the production conditions do not require different working temperatures, then flat guiding is used. The geometry of the flat guiding requires a central guide at the bottom as well as the supporting guides.Top guides to improve the running and guiding reliability are used in a wide range of configurations.The container heating has a significant influence on the container housing. Induction and resistance heating （感應(yīng)電阻加熱）affect the design of the container housing in different ways. In each case, the internal space must be thermally insulated to ensure that the container loses as little heat as possible and to protect the housing from overheating. Resistance heating can be used instead of induction heating, and this requires insulation from the body of the housing. It heats the container from the outside. In this case, it is difficult to bring the temperature above 400 ℃.Various designs are used for the tool carrier for the dies. Four different designs are usually used (Fig. ).Die shuffles（移動、移來移去、改組）are used almost exclusively （專門地）today for aluminum alloy extrusion presses. Two die carriers are used with a changing table outside the press (Fig. ). The die shuffle can be used, if necessary, as an auxiliary shear to cut the sections behind the die by using a larger shear cylinder. The operating position must be adjustable. The design height of the die stack（堆；堆疊） must be held to tight tolerances to guarantee the exact shear position for correct separation of the discard from the section.Fig. Die carrierFig. Die changing by exchanging tool carriers on theshuf?e table（移動臺）outside the pressIt is important to always locate the die stack in the same shear position。 otherwise, material can build up in the area of the die front face, which results in problems.Die slides are used for copper alloy extrusion presses. They have a die and an ejection （排出）position for the discard, dummy block, shell, and cleaning block. The die position can also be a carrier that can be connected and disconnected. Die rotate systems with two positions are used for loading the die sets. Die rotate systems are more monly seen on copper alloy extrusion presses. Depending on the operational sequence, a faster die change is required for short cycle times. A special discard remover is needed for the discard, dummy block, shell, and cleaning block.Stationary die carriers are mainly used for small extrusion presses up to 8 MN because of the good accessibility. They guarantee accurate and reliable location and therefore are also sometimes found on large presses and for indirectextrusion presses. Discard separators separate the discard from the section. With aluminum alloys, the separation is carried out directly at the front face of the die or the feeder chamber（進料室） by a shear. A saw is used for copper alloys, and this cuts the extrusion between the container and the die. The discard in this case is still in the container bore. A shear is often used for separation in the extrusion of brass wire. Shears and saws are always part of the extrusion press and are usually mounted （安裝）on the top of the platen.注釋：Platen [39。pl230。t?n] 臺板；焊機床面discard [dis39。kɑ:d, 39。diskɑ:d] 丟棄；拋棄；放棄sleeves [sli:v] 套筒；套管lamellar （[l?39。mel?] 薄片狀的；薄層狀的Bed plate底板crosshead [39。kr?:s,hed] 聯(lián)桿器，十字頭de?ection [di39。flek??n] 撓度stiffness [39。stifnis]剛度notch [n?t?] 刻痕dimensions [di39。men??n] 規(guī)模，大小.sealing [39。si:li?] 封閉，密封stripping [39。stripi?] 剝離；剝脫resultant [ri39。z?lt?nt] 綜合的；合成的，組合的hydraulic [hai39。dr?:lik] 水壓的；液壓的rapidlocking 急鎖Bayonet ?ttings卡口式組裝件con?gured [k?n39。fiɡ?] 安裝，配置modular [39。m?djul?] 模塊化的tailored [39。teil?d] 調(diào)整使適應(yīng)rational [39。r230。??n?l] 合理的enpasses [in39。k?mp?s] 包含arrangement [?39。reind?m?nt] 結(jié)合體，組合體corresponds [,k?:ri39。sp?nd] 符合，一致symmetry [39。simitri] 對稱性guide shoes導(dǎo)塊、導(dǎo)套alignment [?39。lainm?nt]校正；調(diào)整horizontal [,h?ri39。z?ntl] 水平的,橫的air current氣流chimney effect抽吸效應(yīng)prism [39。prizm] 棱柱Induction and resistance heating 感應(yīng)電阻加熱exclusively [ik39。sklu:sivli] 專門地stack [st230。k] 堆；堆疊ejection [i39。d?ek??n] 排出feeder chamber導(dǎo)流室mounted [39。mauntid] 安裝21 / 21