【正文】 ergency circuit while operating safety gear (overspeed governor’s action 1 and 2 occur simultaneously, as shown in figure 53). For lifts with rated of above 1m/s, overspeed governor should open emergency circuit opens first, . action 1 occurs occurs, making lift execute emergency stop if lift speed exceeds rated speed but below 115% rated speed. If such action fails to decelerate lift and speed limit value is reached, overspeed governor will directly operate safety gear, . action 2 occurs, leaving car retained on rails.（一）限速器系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、限速器鋼絲繩、張緊輪裝置和限速器支架組成。限速器繩的兩端與安全鉗系統(tǒng)的拉桿連接在一起。 、張緊輪安裝板、張緊輪支架、配重塊、張緊輪與配重塊連接支架和一個非自動復(fù)位開關(guān)組成。 。 ，中間沖有安裝張緊輪軸的孔； ，上支架折彎一次后其下端面與中支架焊接，上端面兩端留有張緊輪繩通過的孔。中支架下端與下支架中間都沖有組裝時與連接支架重合的漲緊輪軸安裝孔。下支架兩端各折彎一次后兩端起擋繩板的作用，其背面要與連接板滿焊在一起。焊接組裝時，中支架在上下支架的上面。 ，里面裝有有一定重量的金屬塊。 ，然后將其安裝板固定在下支架左端靠近張緊輪安裝板處。 。無機(jī)房限速器支架用兩塊厚鋼板垂直焊接在一起，一塊是限速器支架，另一塊是安裝板。支架上沖有限速器安裝孔并沖有兩個較大的孔供鋼絲繩通過，安裝板一端有沖孔以與轎廂導(dǎo)軌連接固定。（二）限速器種類及工作原理Overspeed governor types and mechanism任何限速器本身都包括三個機(jī)械部分，其一是反映電梯運(yùn)行速度的轉(zhuǎn)動部分；其二是當(dāng)電梯運(yùn)行速度達(dá)到限速器動作速度時，根據(jù)離心力原理將限速器繩夾緊的機(jī)械自鎖部分。限速器應(yīng)保證僅在電梯超速下降時起作用，故有安裝方向性，絕對不允許裝錯；其三是限速器鋼絲繩下部張緊裝置部分。Any overspeed governor consists of three mechanical parts: rotating part to reflect lift speed。 mechanical selflocking part which will clutch overspeed governor rope when lift speed reaches the threshold which activates overspeed governor. Overspeed governor can onlyl guarantee to function when lift is moving downwards at overspeed, therefore direction should be considered when it is installed and wrong installation is not allowed。 tension device part is below overspeed governor rope.第一種分類法：（擺錘式和離心式）和雙向式兩種。 ，包括下擺桿凸輪棘爪式和上擺桿凸輪棘爪式，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造維護(hù)方便，但由于缺乏可靠地夾繩裝置，只適合于1m∕s以下的低速電梯，配瞬時安全鉗； ，前者由于夾持力不可調(diào)，對鋼絲繩磨損大，只適合于1m∕s以下的的低速電梯，可配漸進(jìn)式安全鉗；后者對鋼絲繩磨損小，用于１ｍ∕ｓ以上的快速電梯。這兩種都屬于甩塊式的離心限速器，還有一種甩球式的離心彈性夾持式限速器，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單可靠，反應(yīng)靈敏，適合于各種速度的電梯，尤其是快速和高速電梯；　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，但可以實現(xiàn)電梯運(yùn)行過程中的雙向速度控制。另一種分類法：限速器按其動作原理可分為擺錘式和離心式兩種。離心式結(jié)構(gòu)的限速器又可分為垂直軸轉(zhuǎn)動型和水平軸轉(zhuǎn)動型兩種。目前常用的大多為后者。Overspeed governor is classified into pendular and centrifugal types according to its mechanism.Centrifugal overspeed governor is classified into vertical rotating and horizontal rotating types. Currently, the former is frequently used. 離心式限速器Centrifugal overspeed governor圖54為這種限速器的典型結(jié)構(gòu)。它的動作原理是，兩個繞各自軸轉(zhuǎn)動的甩塊由杠桿連接在一起，以保證同步運(yùn)動。甩塊由螺旋彈簧固定。限速器繩輪在垂直平面內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動，如果轎廂速度超過額定速度預(yù)定值時，甩塊因離心力的作用向外甩開，使超速開關(guān)動作，從而切斷電梯的控制回路，使制動器失電抱閘。如果轎廂速度進(jìn)一步增大，甩塊進(jìn)一步向外甩開，并撞擊鎖栓，松開擺動鉗塊。正常情況下，擺動鉗塊由鎖栓拴住，與限速器繩間保持一定的間隙。當(dāng)擺動鉗塊松開后，鉗塊下落，將限速器繩夾持在固定鉗塊上。固定鉗塊由壓緊彈簧壓緊，壓緊彈簧可利用調(diào)節(jié)螺栓進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。此時，繩鉗夾緊了限速器繩，從而使安全鉗動作。當(dāng)鉗塊夾緊限速器繩使安全鉗動作時，限速器繩不應(yīng)有明顯的損壞或變形。In figure 54 is shown the typical structure of this overspeed governor. Its mechanism is as follows: two independently rotating fly weights are connected by lever to ensure synchronous movement. Fly weights are fixed by spiral springs. Overspeed governor sheave is rotating in vertical suface。 if car speed exceeds rated speed, fly weight will fly outwards, enabling overspeed switch to activate, cutting off control circuit and making brake engage. Fly weight will fly outwards further, bumping bolt and disengaging swinging jaw if car speed is increased further. In normal condition, swinging jaw is bolted by lock pin, keeping specific distance from overspeed governor rope. After swinging jaw is disengaged, jaw will precipitate, clutching overspeed rope on fixed jaw. Fixed jaw is pressed by press spring which can be adjusted by means of adjusting bolts. When rope clip clutches overspeed governor rope, enabling safety gear to activate, no obvious damage or deformation should be found on overspeed governor rope.Centrifugal hammer overspeed governor 離心式錘型限速器示意圖見圖55，其工作原理為：當(dāng)轎廂超速下降時，限速器輪在限速器繩與其繩槽間的摩擦力的作用下，轉(zhuǎn)速加快。因而離心錘所受到的離心力相應(yīng)地也隨之增大，并使離心錘繞著銷軸轉(zhuǎn)動，重心外移。當(dāng)離心力增大到一定值時，離心錘上的內(nèi)凸子將和錘罩上的外凸子相嚙合，使錘罩帶動偏心叉一起向著轎廂下降方向轉(zhuǎn)動。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動到偏心叉中的壓繩舌與限速器繩接觸時，根據(jù)自鎖原理，壓繩舌將限速器掣停，進(jìn)而帶動安全鉗動作將轎廂夾持于導(dǎo)軌上。In figure 55 is shown the centrifugal hammer overspeed governor whose mechanism is as described as follows. When car is moving downwards at overspeed, overspeed pulley will accelerate under the influence of the friction between overspeed rope and groove. Therefore, centrifugal applied on centrifugal hammer is increased accordingly, enabling centrifugal hammer to rotate around pin shaft and moving gravity outwards. When centrifugal increases to a certain value, inner cam on centrifugal hammer will engage with outer cam on hammer cover。 hammer caover will drive deflecting fork to move in the direction towards which car decelerates. When press rope tag contacts overspeed governor rope, the former will stop overspeed governor, driving safety gear to retain car on guide rails.2. 立軸式球型限速器Vertically axial ball overspeed governor立軸式球型限速器示意圖見圖56。其工作原理為：限速器繩帶動限速器旋轉(zhuǎn)，并將其運(yùn)動傳給一對錐齒輪,使其立軸帶動一對飛球轉(zhuǎn)動。隨著限速器轉(zhuǎn)速的提高，飛球所產(chǎn)生的離心力不斷增加。飛球在克服調(diào)節(jié)彈簧及結(jié)構(gòu)自重沿立軸向下分力的基礎(chǔ)上，不斷抬高位置。在飛球抬高位置的過程中，杠桿相應(yīng)地上提，當(dāng)提到一定位置時，鉤子就與偏心塊（或楔塊）脫離。在偏心塊（或楔塊）自重和一定的附加重量的作用下，根據(jù)自鎖原理，使隨著電梯一起下降的限速器繩掣停，從而促使安全鉗動作，將轎廂夾持在導(dǎo)軌上。限速器輪直徑至少是限速器繩直徑的30倍。 錘型限速器一般被用在梯速v≤的低速電梯上，v＞，高梯選用球型限速器。In figure 56 is shown tanding axial ball overspeed governor, whose mechanism is as follows: overspeed governor rope drives overspeed governor to rotate, passing on to a pair of cone pulleys, enabling vertical shaft to drive a pair of fly balls. With speed of overspeed governor increasing, centrifugal produced by fly ball will increase. The position of fly ball will be elevated as long as it overes adjusting springs and partial force of self weight along vertical shaft. With flying balls’ position elevated, lever will do so accordingly。 when reaching a certain position, anchor and deflecting filler (or wedge) will fly. Under the influence of deflecting filler (or wedge) self weight and other additional weight, overspeed governor rope mo