【正文】 value has something to do with the liberation of man from the control of the church on the European continent and with the opening up of the New World on the other side of the Atlantic. No matter what its historicity, this notion is deeply rooted in the Englishspeaking culture. For respect an individual’s liberty, his rights, his independence will be considered polite, lack of it will appear to an Englishspeaker to be improper, and even rude. In contrast, because of their special historical background, the Chinese have never realized to such an extent the value of man as an individual. An individual is much smaller than collectivity. They always prefer to put the collectivism in the first place when the individualism has a conflict with collectivism. This fundamental difference explains why some speech acts suppose to threaten the negative face of the hearer proposed by Brown and Levinson and the Chinese does not readily accept them. Offering and inviting are considered as facethreatening acts because they prevent the hearer’s personal freedom. This sounds hardly acceptable to the Chinese, to whom offering and inviting always demonstrate good will on the part of the offer and inviter, who desire to o benefit the offeree and the invitee they tend to overlook the latter’s choice and preference. What’s more, such goodwilled acts are rarely performed successfully without persistence. An inviter normally repeats his invitation twice or three times to show his sincerity, and the invitee normally will not accept the invitation until it has been repeated two or three times. Not to resend an invitation when it has been refused for the first time would be considered insincere, and similarly to accept an invitation right after it has been send for the first time would be considered as a sign of over eagerness to be benefited and thus improper. Therefore, despite its universal manifestations of politeness, the ways to realize politeness and the standards differ in different cultures. Politeness is, to some extent, culturespecific and to explain the cultural specificity of politeness, what one needs to do is to explore the specific values of the cultures concerned.Chapter ⅢOur world is being more and smaller because of the development of advanced munication and vehicle, therefore people, who have different cultures in different areas municate with each other more and more frequently. How can one learn enough about the other person’s culture to be able to be perceived as polite when they municate with each other? In other words, how can we obtain success in crossculture munication in a manner way? Establishing a right and polite attitude toward cultural differencesAttitude is a manner of feeling and behaving. It can form a part of one’s perception of self, of others, and of the culture in which one is living. A foreign language learner should set up a right and polite attitude toward different culture. , we should be openminded and polite to different culture. Prejudice should be avoided. Prejudice in culture refers to an intolerant, unfair or biased attitude toward another culture. Regardless of the existence of Prejudice, crosscultural munication may bee difficult because it blocks the way of acquired knowledge in other cultures. When facing a new culture, people should be flexible and polite to adapt themselves to the new situation. “Do as the Romans do is an effective way for those who are experiencing cultural differences. Therefore, being openminded and polite to cultural differences is a prerequisite to a successful munication with native speakers. Reading extensively for cultural informationHaving the successful and polite munication is the main purpose of English. The cultural information that the students need in formal munication greatly is covered in any course. To developed people’s munication petence, people should read authentic materials such as foreign newspapers, advertisements, journals, short stories, novels, plays and other types of literature works. Literary works are of great significance to foreign language learners. In many cultures, particularly those whose languages are widely taught, literature performs an important role in society. They can reflect a culture, help readers gain deeper insights into the target society, enable them to have a better understanding the characters of the people who produce the literature, and of the values they cherish. If we regard literature as a treasures house, then paying a visit to it will enable us to absorb cultural information stored in it. Informative works relevant to national character studier are another source of cultural information. Historians, sociologists and anthropologists, who engage themselves in the study of the target society, usually write these books. Foreign language learners can benefit a lot from these books since the books provide them with a detailed explanation of the people’s character in the target culture. There are some other reading materials, which are related closely to our daily life, such as newspapers and magazines. Because most contents of these materials are authentic, they expose to us various cultural backgrounds, ranging from geography, history, customs, religion and philosophy, to entertainment, fashion and tourism. This kind of reading materials will help foreign learners get a better understanding of the target culture and keep a keen eye on it. Attending lectures on cultureForeign language learners should attend lectures on culture given by foreign teachers or those who have experience in foreign countries. Some lectures may be centered on the target culture while others may be a parison between two cultures. Whichever lecture the learners attend, it may increase their cultural awareness through the description of different cultures and the techniques for proper behavior in crosscultural munication. Participating in discussions after the lectu