【導(dǎo)讀】，從句若表客觀真理，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4賓語從句無論有何引導(dǎo)詞，都要用陳述句語序。whose后必須跟有名詞，既指人，也可指物。關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，不可省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。2hope接todosth.或that從句.但不接sbtodosth.(表達(dá)對(duì)對(duì)方為自己做了某事的感謝，后無補(bǔ)充的結(jié)果。(表達(dá)感謝由于某方所做的有利的事，出現(xiàn)了后面的結(jié)果。ing,分別表示全過程和正在進(jìn)行。官動(dòng)詞用法之二：look,sound,smell,taste,feel可當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。這些動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。和think部分用法:+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語?！緁eellike常用于疑問句或否定句中。：1形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞，形容詞在后面。

　　

【正文】 The TV needs to be repaired. = The TV needs repairing.】 with 與 deal with: 都譯為“處理，對(duì)付，安排，應(yīng)付” What have you done with the milk? 用 what 提問。 How shall we deal with this problem? 用 how 提問。 下面兩句由此而來： Could you tell me what to do with the milk? Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? ：常見的有： Either you or Lucyis wrong. There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be 句型 ) Not only you but (also) Iam strict in the work. Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before. ： One/Neither of you is right. （單數(shù)謂語） Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主語是 Tom, 單數(shù)謂語 ) This pair of shoes looks beautiful. （主語是 pair, 單數(shù)謂語） The shoes look beautiful. （主語無 pair, 復(fù)數(shù)謂語） Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. （單數(shù)謂語） The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic. (the 加形容詞表一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù) ) Mr. and Mrs Green are from America. 指格林夫婦 (復(fù)數(shù)謂語 ) The teacher and writer is an able , 一個(gè)人，單數(shù)謂語。 Both you and I are excited about the news. （復(fù)數(shù)謂語） the number of 與 a number of 參見 39. （分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)見 50） 當(dāng) “each(every)+單形名詞 + and + each(every)+單形名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)分做兩個(gè)單獨(dú)結(jié)構(gòu)來看時(shí)，應(yīng)用單形動(dòng)詞。 例如： Each book and each paper is found in its ，每一份文件，都可在一定的地方找到。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。 有時(shí)可省去第二個(gè) each 或 every,例如： Every man and woman has good reason to be proud of the work done by their farhers. 注：可參閱薄冰主編的《高級(jí)英語語法》中 “數(shù)的一致 ”一章。 ：如果出現(xiàn)不定冠詞時(shí)，常放在后面。 It’s quite an easy question. He is quite a clever boy. It’s such an important lesson.(另見 33) Lily is really a lazy girl. what 提問的句型 ： What size do you want? What will you do with the problem? What’s the population of China? What day is it today? What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? be 部分用法 ： 1There is only a student taking notes now. There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted. 2 常有以下結(jié)構(gòu) : there may/will/must/is going to/used to/… be. … 3there be 中不可再出現(xiàn) have/has/had(有 )的詞。另一用法見 45。 :no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere 等 . 有些有時(shí)在某些句型中也相當(dāng)于否定，如 without, too…to… without anything, too tired to go any further 但前綴如 dis, un, in或后綴如 less,并不表否定。 : why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，等等。 【注意否定形式： had better/ would you please/ let 直接加 not + 動(dòng)原；而please 加 don’t+動(dòng)原】 ing 的詞或短語 ： finish /enjoy /practice /give up / end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer…to…/can’t help / be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(錯(cuò)過 ) /spend /have fun /介詞等。 to 不定式的詞或短語 ： want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (為了 ) /疑問詞，等等。 另外， it作形式主語，后也常有帶 to 不定式。 【否定：以上大多詞 + not + to do sth】 (be + )用法 ： I did it. → It was done. 雙賓 :He told us a story.→ We were told a story.→ A story was told to us. She passed me a pen.→ I was passed a pen.→ A pen was passed to me. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 :We can make a plan. → A plan can be made. 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) :Tom is writing a letter.→ A letter is being written by Tom. 完成時(shí)態(tài) ： I have finished the work. → The work has been finished. ： 1 強(qiáng)調(diào)性別時(shí) a man doctor / two men doctors ； a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修飾詞是單數(shù)時(shí)，性別也用單數(shù)；被修飾詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，性別也用復(fù)數(shù)。 2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players a bus station / some bus stations 復(fù)數(shù)只變被修飾的詞。 3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day / the Children’s Day “復(fù)數(shù) + ’s ”作定語，譯為“ … 的 … ” 4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數(shù) + ’s ”作定語。 （ 附： and 連接的名詞所屬格 ： Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分別是兩個(gè)人的爸爸，所以應(yīng) 分別加“ ’s” Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 兩個(gè)人 共有 的爸爸，所以在兩人后只加一個(gè)“ ’s”。 ） 與 beat區(qū)別 ： win 后加物： I’m sure Jim will win the match. We won the first place in the sports meeting. 而 beat 后加的是人： I’m afraid they will beat us. I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子隊(duì)，相當(dāng)于人。 ) ： 1it 指上文的某個(gè)事物，和上文是同一個(gè)。 This book is very useful. I will take good care of it. it 也可指上文所說的事： My son has lost himself in the puter games. I’m worried about it. 2that 與上文所說是同一類，但不是同一個(gè)，常指不可數(shù)名詞。 The food in China is quite different from that in America. The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu. that也可指上文所說的事： A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that. 3one 指代上文所說的某類可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，但不是同一個(gè)物。 This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那個(gè) ) , in the end 的區(qū)別 ： 1at the end of +時(shí)間點(diǎn)或地點(diǎn)，“在?的盡頭，在?的末尾” They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (加時(shí)間 ) He put some books at the end of the bed. (加地點(diǎn) ) 2by the end of +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，“截止到?末” 若接過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用過去完成時(shí)： They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month. 若接將來的時(shí)間，常用一般將來時(shí)： We shall finish the work by the end of next month. 3in the end “最后”，后不加 of 短語： They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village. gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地點(diǎn) “已去了?（還未回來）” I can’t find those children, where are they? They have gone to the farm. (去了農(nóng)場(chǎng)，不在這兒 ) 2have been to+地點(diǎn)“去過?（原來去過，現(xiàn)在已回）”句尾常接次數(shù)或多個(gè)地點(diǎn)或 before，或句中常有 ever, never 等。 She has been to Qingdao three times. I have been to two big cities. Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian. I have never been there before. (此短語 省略了 to) 3have been in+地點(diǎn)，“已在?（多久了）”句尾常接 for+時(shí)間段，或 since +時(shí)間點(diǎn) /一般過去時(shí)的句子。 Peter has been in China for a long time. I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago. (此短語省略了 in) ： all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students?【 all 在定冠詞 the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area?【 whole 在定冠詞 the 后】 bit / a little 區(qū)別 ：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞和副詞。 I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired. 也可作代詞或形容詞，后接名詞時(shí)有所不同： I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加名詞 ) 而下文： I have only a bit of drink. She ate a bit of bread and went out. (a bit 先加 of 再加名詞 ) 81.“擅長”與“不擅長”