【正文】 ove the stone alone? 你能獨(dú)自搬動(dòng)那塊兒石頭嗎？ Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克獨(dú)自在海灘漫步。 只當(dāng)形容詞 。 He has many relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多親戚， 但感到孤獨(dú)。） 也可在名詞前作 定語(yǔ) ： a lonely person 一位孤獨(dú)的人 a lonely village 一個(gè)偏僻的村莊 （ alone 不可作定語(yǔ)） to 與 be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother. (人 ) This suit is mine /Lucy’s /my brother’s /hers. （某物是 某人的 ） 常見(jiàn)用法 ： 1“通過(guò)” I study English by memorizing grammar. You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary. He travels by bike. 2“截止到” Will you finish the task by tomorrow? The train had left by the time he got there. 3“被” This novel was written by Lu Xun. 4“經(jīng)過(guò)” He passed by me without noticing me. 5“在 …… 旁邊” Sit by me. They are playing by the river. in 的短語(yǔ) ： in English, in a good way, in a hurry, in pen / ink (見(jiàn) 105), in the day(見(jiàn) 92), in different sizes, in different shapes, in a difficult situation， in good health, in a red coat / in red(見(jiàn) 46), in style, in the open air(露天場(chǎng)所 ) ： 1 不規(guī)則形式或易錯(cuò)形式： much/many→ more→ most bad/badly/ill→ worse→ worst far→ farther/further→ farthest/furthest little→ less→ least few→ fewer→ fewest old→ older/elder→ oldest/eldest 以 ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞常把 ly 換成 lier/liest. 2 常見(jiàn)比較級(jí) /最高級(jí)句型： He runs faster than me. (有 than) He did better than any other student in the school. (參照 48) Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個(gè)范圍內(nèi) ) He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者，此句型中加 the) He is the tallest of the three (boys). (三者 ) Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇 ) Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者選擇 ) It’s the second longest river in China. （序數(shù)詞后用最高級(jí)。 The more difficult English is, the harder you should study. The younger we are, the more energy we have. The more you eat, the fatter you will get. 5“ 越來(lái)越多的 … ” more and more +名詞 More and more people are getting richer and richer. We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water …. 6“ … 得多 ” much + 形容詞 /副詞比較級(jí) This room is much bigger than that one. 類(lèi)似： much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better… 以及： much more careful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious… 7“ 另外的 …( 個(gè) ) … ”結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)量 + more + 名詞 one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles, much more truth, some more meat, a lot more wood, a little more experience, once more = one more time = again. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可用 another + 數(shù)字 + 名詞替代： five more trees = another five trees (記住詞的位置 ) , tell, say, speak: 1talk 只作不及物動(dòng)詞。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。 Please say it in English. He said nothing. “I disagree with you.” said Tom. What will you say? say 若接 sb, 則需先加 to: I must say sorry to you. “I overslept this morning.” he said to me. 4speak“說(shuō)話”不及物動(dòng)詞。 The baby can speak now. There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak. “演講，發(fā)言” Who will speak in the meeting? “說(shuō)”可作及物 動(dòng)詞。 sometimes/some times/sometime/some time: sometimes: “有時(shí)” =at times. He is imes late for school. some times: “幾次” I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一時(shí)刻” I bought it sometime last spring. We’ll meet again sometime next week. some time: “一段時(shí)間” We have to stay here for some time. 的用法： 1need 可當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（和 can 等用法類(lèi)似，但 need 只用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中）： Need I go now? (need 在一般疑問(wèn)句的開(kāi)頭 ) I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在 need 后加 not) 【當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)， need 無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化。 How shall we deal with this problem? 用 how 提問(wèn)。 Both you and I are excited about the news. （復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)） the number of 與 a number of 參見(jiàn) 39. （分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)見(jiàn) 50） 當(dāng) “each(every)+單形名詞 + and + each(every)+單形名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)分做兩個(gè)單獨(dú)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看時(shí)，應(yīng)用單形動(dòng)詞。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。 ：如果出現(xiàn)不定冠詞時(shí)，常放在后面。另一用法見(jiàn) 45。 : why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，等等。 to 不定式的詞或短語(yǔ) ： want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (為了 ) /疑問(wèn)詞，等等。 【否定：以上大多詞 + not + to do sth】 (be + )用法 ： I did it. → It was done. 雙賓 :He told us a story.→ We were told a story.→ A story was told to us. She passed me a pen.→ I was passed a pen.→ A pen was passed to me. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 :We can make a plan. → A plan can be made. 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) :Tom is writing a letter.→ A letter is being written by Tom. 完成時(shí)態(tài) ： I have finished the work. → The work has been finished. ： 1 強(qiáng)調(diào)性別時(shí) a man doctor / two men doctors ； a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修飾詞是單數(shù)時(shí)，性別也用單數(shù)；被修飾詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，性別也用復(fù)數(shù)。 3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day / the Children’s Day “復(fù)數(shù) + ’s ”作定語(yǔ)，譯為“ … 的 … ” 4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數(shù) + ’s ”作定語(yǔ)。 ） 與 beat區(qū)別 ： win 后加物： I’m sure Jim will win the match. We won the first place in the sports meeting. 而 beat 后加的是人： I’m afraid they will beat us. I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子隊(duì)，相當(dāng)于人。 This book is very useful. I will take good care of it. it 也可指上文所說(shuō)的事： My son has lost himself in the puter games. I’m worried about it. 2that 與上文所說(shuō)是同一類(lèi)，但不是同一個(gè)，常指不可數(shù)名詞。 This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那個(gè) ) , in the end 的區(qū)別 ： 1at the end of +時(shí)間點(diǎn)或地點(diǎn)，“在?的盡頭，在?的末尾” They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (加時(shí)間 ) He put some books at the end of the bed. (加地點(diǎn) ) 2by the end of +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，“截止到?末” 若接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)： They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month. 若接將來(lái)的時(shí)間，常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)： We shall finish the work by the end of next month. 3in the end “最后”，后不加 of 短語(yǔ)： They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village. gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地點(diǎn) “已去了?（還未回來(lái)）” I can’t find those children, where are they? They have gone to the farm. (去了農(nóng)場(chǎng)，不在這兒 ) 2have been to+地點(diǎn)“去過(guò)?（原來(lái)去過(guò)，現(xiàn)在已回）”句尾常接次數(shù)或多個(gè)地點(diǎn)或 before，或句中常有 ever, never 等。 Peter has been in China for a long time. I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago. (此短語(yǔ)省略了 in) ： all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students?【 all 在定冠詞 the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area?【 whole 在定冠詞 the 后】 bit / a little 區(qū)別 ：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞和副詞