關(guān)于培訓(xùn)的培訓(xùn)-如何培訓(xùn)-資料下載頁
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【正文】 and assess learning achieved. ? similar to pilot tests but with real learners so only a short explanation of the evaluation being done and less data collected per user. ? UirlePatrick Approach. ? Bells Systems Approach. ? CIRO Approach. ? Sorologa Institute Approach. ? IBM Approach. ? Xerox Corporation Approach. ? CIPP Model. ? KIRKE PATRICK MODEL FOR EVALUATION LEVEL QUESTIONS REACTION Were the participants pleased with the program? LEARNING What did the participants learn in the program? BEHAVIOR Did the participants change their behavior based on what was learnt? RESULTS Did the change in plan positively effect the anization? REACTION OUTCOMES: Contents, materials, method, activity. CAPABILITY OUTCOMES: Outes against participant’s expectation. APPLICATION OUTCOME: Application of training in work setting. WORTH OUTCOME: Organizations’ benefits in terms of money, efforts, time and resources. ? Developed by Warr, Bird and Rachal. ? It gives Evaluation in terms of ? CONTEXT, ? INPUT, ? REACTION, ? OUTCOME. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: New knowledge, skills and attitudes required to reach intermediate objective. INTERMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: Change in employees work balance necessary for ultimate objective. ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE: Particular deficiency in the anization that will be eliminated. Following relevant questions are considered: ? What are the relative merits of the different HRD methods? ? Is it feasible for an outside anization to be more efficient at conducting the programme? ? Should it be developed with the internal resources? ? Should the line managers be involved? ? How much time is available for HRD? ? What results were achieved when a similar programme was conducted in the past? ? Includes subjective reports of the participants about the whole pogramme. STEPS: ? Defining trained objectives. ? Selecting and constructing some measures of those objectives. ? Making the measurements in the appropriate time. ? Assessing the results and using them to improve future programme. ? This approach highlights that the evaluation of the programme should judge: ? The Satisfaction, ? Learning Change, ? Change in behavior, ? anizational change. REACTION: A satisfaction rating that asks the trainees how valuable they found the program? TESTING: Pre and Postprogramme measurements in terms of knowledge and skills improvement. APPLICATION: Extent to which skills applied on the job and the results achieved. BUSINESS RESULTS: What IBM expected from the programme in the form of a return that? ENTRY CAPABILITY: Prerequisites for the program evaluated. END OF COURSE PERFORMANCE: Whether trainees achieved the desired outes? MASELEY JOB PERFORMANCE: Whether trainees exhibit mastery performance under normal job condition? ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: Which programme participants meet or exceed the anizational targets? CONTEXT EVALUATION: Needs analysis, this assists in forming goals. INPUT EVALUATION: Policies, budgets, schedules, proposals and procedures aids in programme planning. PROCESS EVALUATION: Reaction sheets, rating scales and analysis of existing records guide’s implementation. PRODUCT EVALUATION: Measures and interprets the attainment of objective helps in recycling decisions. Brainstorming is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution to a problem. Although brainstorming has bee a popular group technique, researchers have generally failed to find evidence of its effectiveness for enhancing either quantity or quality of ideas generated. brainstorming groups are little more effective than other types of groups, and they are actually less effective than individuals working independently. 97 Advantages ? Listening exercise that allows creative thinking for new ideas. ? Encourages full participation because all ideas are equally recorded. ? Draws on group39。s knowledge and experience. ? Spirit of cooperation is created. ? One idea can spark off other ideas. 98 Disadvantages ? Can be unfocused. ? Needs to be limited to 57 minutes. ? Students may have difficulty getting away from known reality. ? If not managed well, criticism and negative evaluation may occur. ? Value to students depends in part on their maturity level. 99 Needs Assessment Phase Development and Conduct Phase Evaluation Phase
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