【正文】
String sales DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAT (named terminal at port or place of destination)Incoterms174。2022 The seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. DAT替代了 DEQ. 由買方負責辦理進口清關(guān)。 DELIVERED AT PLACE DAP (named place of destination)Incoterms174。2022 The seller delivers when the goods, are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. DAP替代了 DAF、 DES、 DDU; DAP與 DAT的唯一區(qū)別在于,貨物在交貨時尚在運輸工具上,沒有卸貨 由買方負責辦理進口清關(guān)。 Classification ? Rules for any mode of transport EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP,DDP ? Rules for sea and inland waterway transport FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF Obligations of both parties seller’s Obligations A1. General obligations of the seller , authorizations, security clearances and other formalities of carriage and insurance A5. Transfer of risks of costs to the buyer of document with information and related costs Buyer’s Obligations B1. General obligations of the buyer , authorizations, security clearances and other formalities of carriage and insurance Delivery B5. Transfer of risks of costs to the seller of Delivery of goods with information and related costs 術(shù)語的使用解釋 ? Carrier ? Export clearance ? Delivery ? Electronic data ? Packaging and store Incoterms的誤用 CFR——Camp。F,CNF,C+F,CANDF。 FOB,CFR,CIF用于空運; FOB,CFR,CIF用于集裝箱運輸; 選用 C組術(shù)語,沒有同時約定交貨地點; 賣方經(jīng)常做術(shù)語未要求的事情,如 EXW項下裝貨、支付檢驗費用等; 買方未能意識到 C組術(shù)語的風險由其自身承擔; …… FREE ON BOARD FOB (named port of shipment)Incoterms174。2022 The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procure the goods already so delivered. 在 2022通則中,不再有船舷( ship’s rail)的概念。隨著集裝箱、 物流和裝卸技術(shù)的發(fā)展,“船舷”的概念已經(jīng)虛化了,這次修訂回避 了這一概念。 COST AND FREIGHT CFR (named port of destination)Incoterms174。2022 The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT CIF (named port of destination)Incoterms174。2022 Place of delivery Contract of carriage Insurance: minimun coverage CIF=CFR+I Unloading expenses 四、貿(mào)易術(shù)語的選擇 根據(jù): 商品的特點及備貨情況 選擇合適 買賣雙方的習慣做法 的貿(mào)易術(shù)語 進出口國各自的要求 選擇貿(mào)易術(shù)語的幾點建議: 出口業(yè)務中多爭取以 CFR、 CIF或 CPT、CIP成交 由我方負責辦理運輸和保險,既有利于船貨銜接,又可以增加我方運輸部門和保險公司的收入。 但要考慮我方是否方便派船。有時進口國規(guī)定不允許以 CIF進口,可靈活規(guī)定。 進口業(yè)務中多爭取以 FOB或 FCA成交。 程租船運輸方式下,對于裝卸條件差、費用較高的港口,進口時應爭取以 FOB stowed或trimmed成交,由賣方負擔裝船費;出口時爭取以 CIF或 CFR ex ship’s hold成交,由買方負擔卸貨費。 根據(jù)需要多使用 FCA、 CPT、 CIP術(shù)語。 1) 適應集裝箱和多式聯(lián)運方式發(fā)展的需要;(集裝箱運輸承運人的收貨地點是在岸上) 2) 提前實現(xiàn)風險轉(zhuǎn)移,提早交單結(jié)匯,加快資金周轉(zhuǎn)。 案例分析 68: 我西北某市某出口公司于 1997年 12月向日本出口30噸甘草膏,每噸 40箱,共 1200箱,每噸售價為1800美元, FOB新港,共 54000美元,即期 L/C,裝運期為 12月 25日之前,貨物必須裝集裝箱。該出口公司在天津設(shè)有辦事處,于是在 12月上旬便將貨物運到天津,由辦事處負責訂箱裝船。不料貨物在天津存?zhèn)}后的第三天,倉庫午夜著火,風大火烈,搶救不及, 1200箱貨物全部被焚。辦事處立即通知公司總部并要求盡快補發(fā) 30噸貨物,否則無法按時裝船。結(jié)果該公司由于出口貨源供應不足,只好與客戶協(xié)商將 L/C裝效期延長,損失較大。