【正文】 t 7. Make it part of the employment contract 8. Translate into all relevant languages 9. Give copies to stakeholders 10. Regular review 11. Bosses ?walk the talk? 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 162 Summary: firmlevel tools Ethics program: systematic effort … 1. Clear language 2. Codes of Practice – aspirational or regulatory, development process 3. Skill Development – cognitive, emotional, volitional, other 4. Peer support: mentors, professions, hotline 5. Character Development 6. Implementation – Code, sanction, training, mitment 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 163 topic 8 International and global aspects of ethics Famp。L ch11 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 164 Operating away from home: Descriptive accounts Classic cases: consultancy firm, Nestl233。 Reports: what?s happening – ISBEE report (see – GRI (see Fisher amp。 Lovell pages 381, 416) – others Differences: wages, safety, work hours, alcohol, capital punishment, bribery ? One option: ethical relativism – do as the Romans do ? but we have seen problems with ethical relativism – denial of moral progress – no basis for discussion – internal conflict for firms 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 165 International decision making 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 166 Operating away from home: Prescriptive responses ? Donaldson: fundamental international rights ? Bowie?s decision rule: fact or principle ? Caux principles: for democracy and participation let us consider these in more detail 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 167 sometimes called ‘hypernorms’ International best practice Local best practice Fundamental international rights Local legal minimum Donaldson: Fundamental international rights ? Is there a minimum we ought to adhere to, wherever we are operating? Where for us? Famp。L 322 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 168 Distinctive obligations Norm Bowie?s decision tree Q1 Are ethical obligations of MNC in this case different from those of any business? plant closures NO, infant formula YES Q2 Is the different obligation due to a difference of fact, or principle? no clean water FACT, women?s status PRINCIPLE Q3 If fact, apply mon principles don?t sell infant formula in Africa If principle, apply the ?higher? principles treat women equally 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 169 Global business principles ? Caux principles ? US Model Business Principles Uses: ? basis for pany codes ? guide for decisionmaking ? basis for evaluation of pany performance ? example of best practice Famp。L 434 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 170 Caux Principles koyosei cooperating to achieve mutual mon prosperity human dignity 1...a role beyond shareholders to stakeholders 2...contribute to economic and social development 3...beyond letter of the law to a spirit of trust 4...respect for the rules 5...support for multilateral trade systems 6...respect for environment 7...avoid illicit operations 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 171 Support for MNCs: ? ?because business can be a powerful agent for positive social change we offer these principles? Caux ? transfer international standards, managerial techniques, social rights Criticisms of MNCs: ? threat to national sovereignty [. World Bank] ? uncaring, plant closures [. Exxon Valdez, Bhopal] MNCs: Good or Bad? Neef 2022 p2225 Harris 2022 on web Famp。L ch12 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 172 Summary: International Tools ? Real problems dealing across borders ? Differences of principle or fact? ? Hard to pare norms and values – Donaldson: fundamental international rights – Bowie: principles or situation? – Global codes ? MNCs: force for good, seeking high ethical standards or uncaring and profit driven ? 169。UniSA 2022 IMEVSP1 173 International aspects UNOCAL case Pipelines in Burma Famp。L 5145