【導(dǎo)讀】在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名。不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。It作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)從句。于我們之間的合作。IamafraidI’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。也可以將此類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從。提示：2空白處是無(wú)用的，請(qǐng)?zhí)^(guò)閱讀吧-----------------It博客。鮮花預(yù)定系統(tǒng)全套：包括系統(tǒng)源碼，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告等等。

　　

【正文】 o you like ___ here? — Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全國(guó)卷 ) A. this B. These C. That D. it 14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. (全國(guó)卷 ) A. it B. One C. Himself D. another 15. The foreign Minister said, _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.(2020北京 ) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 16. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2020 北京 ) A. It B. As C. That D. What 17. — How often do you eat out?(2020, 天津 ) — ________, but usually once a week. A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking 18. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn39。t quite _____ as planed. (2020 浙江卷 ) A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. e up 19. — What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. — ________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It39。s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 20. It was ____ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn39。t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn39。t go KEYS: 15 ACDDB 610 DCDBA 1115 ACDBD 1620 BBBBC 第三章 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的省略現(xiàn)象 在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了，重點(diǎn)突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不變，這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略?，F(xiàn)就英語(yǔ)中的種種省略現(xiàn)象分析如下： 一、并列復(fù)合句中的省略 在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 這個(gè)男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 湯姆肯定一直在打籃球，瑪麗一直在寫作業(yè)。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1959 年，傅彪出生于 1963 年。 二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略 1．狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略 一般說(shuō)來(lái)省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語(yǔ)從句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；由 whether ,if , unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；由 as ,than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句；由as, as if , as though 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。上述狀語(yǔ)從句在省略時(shí)應(yīng)遵循下面原則： 1) 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞 be，這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) 連詞（ as, as if , once） + 名詞 。 (2) 連詞（ though, whether , when）+形容詞； (3) 連詞 (whether, as if ,while )+介詞短語(yǔ)； (4) 連詞 (when , while , though )+ 現(xiàn)在分詞； (5) 連詞 (when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 過(guò)去分詞； (6) 連詞 (as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如： a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now bees a famous singer .龐龍?jiān)?jīng)是個(gè)工 人，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。 b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you39。ll ，要不然你會(huì)后悔的。 c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到處看似乎在找什么東西。 d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President Gee W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the SixParty ，感謝中國(guó)在六方會(huì)談中起的重要作用。 e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多。 f) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員劉翔張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。 注意： 1) 當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，間或也有這樣的省略 ,如： Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the 當(dāng)心。 2) 當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)是 it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞 be 時(shí) ，可以把 it 和系動(dòng)詞 be 一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞 (if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Unless (it is) necessary ,you39。d better not refer to the ，你最好不要查字典。 2．定語(yǔ)從句中的省略 1） 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 that ,which , whom 可以省略；如： Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?這就是他在會(huì)上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎？（ 2020 上海春季） 而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 which , whom 不可以省略。試比較： Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom 可以省 ) 你昨天見(jiàn)到的湯姆病倒了。 Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom 不可以省 ) 湯姆病倒了，你昨天見(jiàn)到他了。 2）在口語(yǔ)和非正式用語(yǔ)中，關(guān)系副詞 when ,where , 和 why 經(jīng)常用 that 來(lái)代替，甚至還可省略。如： a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the 。 b) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a piic during the “ golden week ”holiday .他想找一個(gè)能在黃金周期間野餐的好地方。 c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告訴我們他為什么如此不高興嗎？ 3）當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的 the way 時(shí) ，從句不能用 how 來(lái)引導(dǎo) ，應(yīng)該用 that 或 in which ，或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷浴Ｈ纾? I don39。t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at 。 3．賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略 1）在及物動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，連詞 that 一般可以省略；但如果及物動(dòng)詞后面是由that 引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列的賓語(yǔ)從句 ，那么只有第一個(gè) that 可以省略。如： a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi39。s exchange rate is necessary. 我認(rèn)為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。 b) He said (that)the Antisecession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他說(shuō)《 反分裂國(guó)家法》已被通過(guò)，而且胡錦濤主席已簽署了主席令。 2）由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引導(dǎo)的 賓語(yǔ)從句，可以全部或部分省略。如： a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will e to our city but I don’ t know when (he will e to our city).我知道 NBA明星要到我們城市來(lái)但我不知道他什么時(shí)候來(lái)。 b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)他想搬遷到國(guó)外但他的父母想知道為什么。 4．在與 suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式“ should +動(dòng)詞原形”， should 可以省略。如： Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the ChinaFrance Culture Year (should) last long in various 。 5．主句省略多用于句首。如： (It is a ) Pity that I didn’ t go to Mary39。s birthday party ，我昨天沒(méi)有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會(huì)。 6．在答語(yǔ)中，主句可全 部省略。如： — Why were you absent from school last Friday ?— (I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill. — 上周五你為什么沒(méi)有上學(xué)？ — 因?yàn)槲覌寢尣×恕? 三、簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 1．省略主語(yǔ) 1）祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略 如： (You) Open the door, please. 請(qǐng)開(kāi)一下門。 2) 其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法 如： a) (I) Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。 b) (It)Doesn’ t 。 2．省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分 如： a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽煙 b) (Is there)anything else ? 還有其他事嗎 ？ c) (You e)This way 。 d) (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽煙嗎 ？ 3．省略賓語(yǔ) 如： — Do you know Mr. Li ? 你認(rèn)識(shí)李先生嗎？ —