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補適當?shù)脑~語,譯文的意思才能明確。 例 1: 原文 : A U2 pilot also carried a shaving kit, civilian clothes, pictures of his wife, some gold coins, watches and rings... 譯文 : U2型駕駛員還帶了 一套 修面用具, 幾件 便服, 幾張 妻子的照片, 一些 金幣、手表和戒指 …… 2021/12/1 例 2: 原文 : For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. (2021年真題 ) 譯文 : 因為盡管這些東西還沒有在土地上發(fā)生,他 已經(jīng) 在腦海里建造好了,它們對他來說是具體存在的,就像已經(jīng)建成竣工了一樣。 例 3: 原文 :He should have been a young officer. 譯文 :他 本來 應該成為一個年輕的軍官。 V.詞的刪減 減詞的原則是不影響語義和信息的完整性。在實際的雙語轉(zhuǎn)換過程中,我們往往從句法結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭邏輯兩個方面刪減一些在譯文中顯得多余或者累贅的詞語,減詞主要是為了使譯文簡潔。 2021/12/1 (1)結(jié)構(gòu)性減詞 英語重形合,而漢語重意合。在英語中的必要成分,在漢語中表意功能很弱,顯得可有可無,甚至完全沒有必要,可以刪去。 例 1: 原文 : If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.(2021年真題 ) 譯文 : 如果讀書伊始便固步自封、處處設防,甚至批評挑剔,那么你就無法盡可能多地從閱讀中獲得最大的價值。 (主語 you省略 ) 例 2: 原文 : It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person. ( 2021年真題 ) 譯文 : 只有去澆澆花草,或許,然后再注目每一株花草,將之視為活生生的人,我才能漸漸找回失去的自我。 (介詞 by省略 ) 2021/12/1 例 3: 原文 : Although pure science usually has no apparent connection with technology, it does lend itself to the development of applied science. 譯文 : 理論科學雖然通常與技術(shù)沒有明顯的聯(lián)系,但確實有助于應用科學的發(fā)展。 (反身代詞 itself省略 ) (2)修辭性減詞 根據(jù)漢語的修辭規(guī)范,刪減邏輯上冗余的表達或直譯過來會成為冗言贅語的表達,這種修辭性減詞不會損害原意,而會使譯文更加簡練。 2021/12/1 例 1: 原文 : But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turns of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. (2021年真題 ) 譯文 : 然而,如果你能盡量敞開心胸,那么書中那些極細微的精妙之處和暗示都會從開頭曲折婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣中顯現(xiàn)出來,把你帶到一個與眾不同的境界。 例 2: 原文 : There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. 譯文 : 天未下雪,但葉落草枯。