【正文】 據(jù)是公安、司法機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行立案、偵查、起訴和審判，以及定罪判刑和正確認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 (3 分 )(2)在刑事訴訟中，證據(jù)是揭露、證實(shí)犯罪的重要手段。 (3分 )(3)在民事和行政訴訟中，雙方當(dāng)事人權(quán)利、義務(wù)關(guān)系發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)，證據(jù)是解決發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議案件的事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 (2 分 )此外，證據(jù)是對(duì)公眾進(jìn)行法制教育的工具。 2． (1)審查被害人陳述的來(lái)源及其形成的過(guò)程。 (2 分 )(2)審查被害人陳述的內(nèi)容是否符合情理，同案件有無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)性。 (2 分 )(3)審查被害人與犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的關(guān)系。 (2 分 )(4) 審查被害人的作證能力與品格。 (1 分 )(5)綜合全案證據(jù)審查被害人陳述與其他證據(jù)有無(wú)矛盾。 (1 分 ) 3．間接證據(jù)的特點(diǎn)有：一是間接證據(jù)的依賴性。 (2 分 )二是間接證據(jù)的關(guān)聯(lián)性。 (2 分 ) 三是間接證據(jù)與直接證據(jù)相比，其證明過(guò)程復(fù)雜，必須有一個(gè)判斷和推理過(guò)程。 (2 分 )四是間接證據(jù)的排他性。 (2 分 ) 4． (1)推定是法律所直接認(rèn)可或間接認(rèn) 可的證明案件事實(shí)的一種特殊規(guī)則。(2 分 )(2)推定應(yīng)允許當(dāng)事人提出反證推翻，因而與證明責(zé)任緊密相連。 (2 分 )(3)推定 —既可以依法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行，又可以按經(jīng)驗(yàn)規(guī)則進(jìn)行。 (2 分 )(4)推定既須有前提事實(shí)，又須有推斷事實(shí)。 (1 分 )(5)不同的推定具；有不同 —的法律效力。(1 分 ) 5． (1)查明案件事實(shí)真相的功能。 (2 分 )(2)側(cè)重保護(hù)其他社會(huì)價(jià)值的功能。(2 分 )(3)兼有發(fā)現(xiàn)真實(shí)和保護(hù)人權(quán)的功能。 (2；分 )(4)追求訴訟效率的功能。 (2分 ) 三、案例分析 (20分 ) (1)在刑事案件中，刑事訴訟的 證明責(zé)任由檢察機(jī)關(guān)承擔(dān)；在自訴案件中，由自訴人承擔(dān)證明責(zé)任。同時(shí)，在公訴案件中公安機(jī)關(guān)也承擔(dān)一定的證明責(zé)任，這種證明責(zé)任，主要涉及有關(guān)的程序法事實(shí)。人民法院不負(fù)有證明責(zé)任。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人一般不承擔(dān)證明責(zé)任，也就是沒(méi)有提出證據(jù)證明自己無(wú)罪的義務(wù)，不能因?yàn)榉缸锵右扇?、被告人不能證明自己無(wú)罪便據(jù)此得出犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有罪的結(jié)論；。作為犯罪嫌疑人、被告人負(fù)證明責(zé)任的例外，是涉及 “巨額財(cái)產(chǎn)來(lái)源不明罪 ”的案件。 (10分 ) (2)在本案中，首先應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)證明．責(zé)任的仍然是控訴方，即縣檢察院，當(dāng)控訴方收集到足夠 的證據(jù)證明國(guó)家工作人員的財(cái)產(chǎn)或者支出明顯超過(guò)合法收入且差額巨大時(shí)，證明責(zé)任便轉(zhuǎn)移到犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人即王某身上，若王某不能說(shuō)明或證明，差額部分即以非法所得論。 7 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters w ill travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, w hich w ill strengthen China39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the w orld at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an. Lou held a joint interview w ith 27 media, including China Daily,